<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[Fragen zur Zeit]]></title><description><![CDATA[Alles was Rechts ist. Politologe vom Bildungsweg, Aktivist vom Lebensweg. Hier schreibe ich über Politik und Kultur in Umbruchszeiten.

Gelegentlich werde ich diesen Substack auch mißbrauchen um methodische Fragen der Politikwissenschaft zu erörtern.]]></description><link>https://www.fragenzurzeit.de</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qFJl!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c7ea135-8edb-4cf4-9202-5d286fb85a07_1280x1280.png</url><title>Fragen zur Zeit</title><link>https://www.fragenzurzeit.de</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Wed, 28 Oct 2026 01:47:41 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Johannes Konstantin Poensgen]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[de]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[fragenzurzeit@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[fragenzurzeit@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Johannes Konstantin Poensgen]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Johannes Konstantin Poensgen]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[fragenzurzeit@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[fragenzurzeit@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Johannes Konstantin Poensgen]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[Reaktive Reaktion (2): Recht und Realverfassung]]></title><description><![CDATA[Prof.]]></description><link>https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/p/reaktive-reaktion-2-recht-und-realverfassung</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/p/reaktive-reaktion-2-recht-und-realverfassung</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Johannes Konstantin Poensgen]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 17 Oct 2026 23:48:00 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/220922792/5558bf27d77678177be6656d26756324.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Prof. Riek hat den Druck der CDU Sachsen-Anhalt auf ihre Abgeordnete der Ministerpr&#228;sidentenwahl fen zu bleiben zwar richtig, beschrieben. Aber da&#223; das geht ist Teil der Realverfassung.<br></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VMBR!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F358b94fc-71b0-45a6-80bc-d4ab910ea9e4_1360x768.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VMBR!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F358b94fc-71b0-45a6-80bc-d4ab910ea9e4_1360x768.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VMBR!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F358b94fc-71b0-45a6-80bc-d4ab910ea9e4_1360x768.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VMBR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F358b94fc-71b0-45a6-80bc-d4ab910ea9e4_1360x768.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VMBR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F358b94fc-71b0-45a6-80bc-d4ab910ea9e4_1360x768.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VMBR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F358b94fc-71b0-45a6-80bc-d4ab910ea9e4_1360x768.png" width="1360" height="768" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/358b94fc-71b0-45a6-80bc-d4ab910ea9e4_1360x768.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:768,&quot;width&quot;:1360,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VMBR!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F358b94fc-71b0-45a6-80bc-d4ab910ea9e4_1360x768.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VMBR!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F358b94fc-71b0-45a6-80bc-d4ab910ea9e4_1360x768.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VMBR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F358b94fc-71b0-45a6-80bc-d4ab910ea9e4_1360x768.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VMBR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F358b94fc-71b0-45a6-80bc-d4ab910ea9e4_1360x768.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">(Bildbearbung: Grok-Slop)</figcaption></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Jetzt abonnieren&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/subscribe?"><span>Jetzt abonnieren</span></a></p><p>Quelle: </p><div id="youtube2-rQyHQ2VYcl8" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;rQyHQ2VYcl8&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/rQyHQ2VYcl8?start=&amp;rel=0&amp;autoplay=0&amp;showinfo=0&amp;enablejsapi=0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Europäer gibt es nicht]]></title><description><![CDATA[Eindr&#252;cke von einer Hochzeit: Es gibt Deutsche, D&#228;nen, Griechen, Finnen, und es gibt Westler und Wei&#223;e.]]></description><link>https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/p/europaer-gibt-es-nicht</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/p/europaer-gibt-es-nicht</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Johannes Konstantin Poensgen]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 30 Sep 2026 17:08:20 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!or6l!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60694a74-0036-4e39-aa48-a8b1622994cd_1600x900.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Eindr&#252;cke von einer Hochzeit: Es gibt Deutsche, D&#228;nen, Griechen, Finnen, und es gibt Westler und Wei&#223;e. Aber keine Europ&#228;er.<br></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!or6l!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60694a74-0036-4e39-aa48-a8b1622994cd_1600x900.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!or6l!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60694a74-0036-4e39-aa48-a8b1622994cd_1600x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!or6l!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60694a74-0036-4e39-aa48-a8b1622994cd_1600x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!or6l!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60694a74-0036-4e39-aa48-a8b1622994cd_1600x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!or6l!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60694a74-0036-4e39-aa48-a8b1622994cd_1600x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!or6l!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60694a74-0036-4e39-aa48-a8b1622994cd_1600x900.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/60694a74-0036-4e39-aa48-a8b1622994cd_1600x900.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2406617,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/i/218209124?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60694a74-0036-4e39-aa48-a8b1622994cd_1600x900.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!or6l!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60694a74-0036-4e39-aa48-a8b1622994cd_1600x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!or6l!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60694a74-0036-4e39-aa48-a8b1622994cd_1600x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!or6l!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60694a74-0036-4e39-aa48-a8b1622994cd_1600x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!or6l!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60694a74-0036-4e39-aa48-a8b1622994cd_1600x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Europ&#228;ische Flaggen ind Stra&#223;burg: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flags_of_Europe_Strasbourg.jpg">TeaMeister</a>, <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0">CC BY 2.0</a> , via Wikimedia Commons</figcaption></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Jetzt abonnieren&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/subscribe?"><span>Jetzt abonnieren</span></a></p><p>Ich war vor einiger Zeit auf einer Hochzeit. Das Brautpaar und die G&#228;ste geh&#246;rten mehrheitlich zu dem, was man die <em>global professional class</em> nennt. Der Br&#228;utigam war D&#228;ne, die Braut Amerikanerin, und die Trauung fand in Deutschland statt. Die G&#228;ste bestanden also vor allem aus D&#228;nen, Amerikanern und Deutschen. Dazu gab es Europ&#228;er verschiedenster Nationalit&#228;t. Von Finnland bis Griechenland war alles vertreten. Es war eine faszinierende Gelegenheit, die ethnischen Dynamiken in der Gesellschaftsklasse zu beobachten, die zwar nicht direkt F&#252;hrungsschicht ist, aber aus der sich die F&#252;hrung rekrutiert. Die nicht herrschende Elite, in der Sprache Paretos.</p><p>Es gab auf dieser Hochzeit, was nicht weiter verwunderlich ist, drei erkennbare ethnische Gruppen mit eigener Gruppendynamik: die D&#228;nen, die Amerikaner und die Deutschen, die sich untereinander in ihrer jeweiligen Landessprache unterhielten. Die Verkehrssprache der Veranstaltung war nat&#252;rlich Englisch, aber die Amerikaner waren trotzdem als eigene Gruppe erkennbar, und zwar auch diejenigen unter ihnen, die nicht zur Familie der Braut geh&#246;rten. Um jedes Klischee zu bedienen, hatte ein Unternehmer aus dem Silicon Valley ein Spiel entwickelt, das ich nur als seine Variante des Pokers beschreiben kann, und er schaffte es, an diesem Abend in seinem eigenen Spiel mehrere hundert Dollar zu verlieren.</p><p>Was, wenn man ein Auge daf&#252;r hatte, sehr sichtbar fehlte, waren Europ&#228;er. Also Europ&#228;er als geographische Herkunftsbezeichnung gab es genug: Leute, die auf dem europ&#228;ischen Kontinent geboren waren. Aber es gab keine Gruppe von Europ&#228;ern. Im Gegensatz zur Traumvorstellung hobbym&#228;&#223;iger Europastrategen rotteten sich die D&#228;nen und Deutschen, der Grieche und der Finne nicht zu einer gemeinsamen Front gegen den amerikanischen Besatzer zusammen. Jetzt einmal abgesehen davon, da&#223; sie untereinander nur auf Englisch h&#228;tten reden k&#246;nnen &#8211; na ja, der Finne sprach ganz gut Deutsch. Diese Leute hatten untereinander nichts gemeinsam, was sie nicht auch mit den Amerikanern gemeinsam gehabt h&#228;tten. Sie waren alle Westler, aber da gibt es keine Untersparte &#8222;Europ&#228;er&#8220;.</p><p>Unter rechten Vertretern der europ&#228;ischen Einheitsidee wird oft das Dreiebenenmodell der Identit&#228;t Alain de Benoists zitiert. Demzufolge hat der Europ&#228;er drei Identit&#228;tsebenen: regionale Identit&#228;t, nationale Identit&#228;t und europ&#228;ische Identit&#228;t. Der Taschenspielertrick dieses Modells ist freilich, da&#223; die Frage der politischen Souver&#228;nit&#228;t zwischen nationalstaatlicher und EU-Ebene verschleiert wird, indem man sie als Identit&#228;tsfrage umformuliert. Aber prinzipiell ist dieses Dreiebenenmodell nat&#252;rlich richtig und sogar verallgemeinerbar auf alle Menschen, die irgendeiner Zivilisation angeh&#246;ren. Auch Chinesen, Inder oder Perser haben eine regionale Identit&#228;t, eine nationale Identit&#228;t und eine Identit&#228;t als Angeh&#246;rige einer Zivilisation.</p><p>Nur ist unser Kulturkreis nicht Europa, sondern der Westen. Dazu geh&#246;rt das geographische Europa dazu, ist aber innerhalb dessen nicht abgrenzbar, und vor allem ist Europa keine Identit&#228;tskonzeption, die jenseits ideologischer Proklamationen gegen den Westen ausgespielt werden kann. Wenn einem hier das Wort Westen nicht pa&#223;t, dann nenne man es von mir aus Okzident oder Abendland. Nur macht man sich dabei zum Trottel, weil beide Worte nichts anderes als Westen bedeuten. Das Abendland hei&#223;t nicht deshalb Abendland, weil die Abendsonne hier so viel sch&#246;ner scheint als im Morgenland, sondern weil Abend und Morgen in der deutschen Sprache fr&#252;her als Synonyme f&#252;r die Himmelsrichtungen Westen und Osten gebraucht wurden. Spenglers <em>Untergang des Abendlandes</em> ist mit <em>Decline of the West</em> v&#246;llig richtig &#252;bersetzt.</p><p>Wenn ein Deutscher in Dubai oder Singapur in eine Bar geht und dort einen Franzosen, einen Spanier, einen US-Amerikaner und einen Neuseel&#228;nder trifft, dann kann er sich gleicherma&#223;en zu jedem von denen hinsetzen. Die gemeinsame Sprache wird Englisch sein, so wie es in anderen Zeitaltern Franz&#246;sisch oder Latein gewesen w&#228;re, und die gemeinsamen kulturellen Referenzpunkte, die j&#252;nger als hundert Jahre sind, werden nicht ausschlie&#223;lich, aber zu guten Teilen amerikanischer Herkunft sein.</p><p>Das ist die Gemeinschaft eines wirklich existierenden Kulturkreises. Die Masseneinwanderung hat in den L&#228;ndern der westlichen Zivilisation eine gro&#223;e Zahl Fremder angesiedelt, die aber durchaus zum guten Teil kulturell angegliedert werden, was immer das dann konkret hei&#223;t. Dadurch ist die wei&#223;e Rasse, die es als biologische Tatsache nat&#252;rlich schon vorher gab, zu einem Politikum und einer eigenen Gruppenidentifikation mit real existierender Basis geworden. Gegen&#252;ber den Wirklichkeiten von westlicher Zivilisation und wei&#223;er Rasse haben Beschw&#246;rungen von Europa den Charakter blo&#223;er politischer Konstruktionen.</p><p>Es gibt aber einen Ort auf diesem Planeten, an dem Europ&#228;er als beobachtbare soziale Gruppe k&#252;nstlich geschaffen werden: Br&#252;ssel. Das ist einer der gef&#228;hrlichsten Aspekte der Europ&#228;ischen Union. In Br&#252;ssel schaffen die Institutionen der EU durch die sozialen Dynamiken eines gemeinsamen Arbeitsplatzes dieselbe Art von Gemeinschaft, die jeder Arbeitsplatz erzeugt. Man arbeitet in denselben Geb&#228;uden, &#228;rgert sich &#252;ber denselben Hausmeister, geht nach der Arbeit in dieselben Kneipen und besucht denselben Firmenfeste und Empf&#228;nge. Diese Gemeinschaft ist durchaus partei- und fraktions&#252;bergreifend und spielt f&#252;r die Domestizierung politischer Fundamentalopposition durch das Parlament eine entscheidende Rolle. Aber das Ph&#228;nomen an sich ist nicht auf Br&#252;ssel beschr&#228;nkt. Ich war vor kurzem im Landtag von Rheinland-Pfalz, und da gibt es einen &#8222;Landtagsgriechen&#8220;, ein griechisches Restaurant, das von Angeh&#246;rigen aller Fraktionen besucht wird, einfach weil es vom Landtag aus in zwei Minuten zu Fu&#223; erreichbar ist. Was aber spezifisch f&#252;r Br&#252;ssel ist, ist die Neigung, diese Gemeinschaft von Arbeitskollegen f&#252;r eine einen Kontinent umfassende Zusammengeh&#246;rigkeit aller Europ&#228;er zu halten. Kein Abgeordneter eines nationalen Parlamentes verwechselt auf diese Weise den Bartresen im Parlamentskeller mit der Nation.</p><p>Folgt nun aus dieser Nichtexistenz von Europa als vom Westen abgrenzbarer Identit&#228;t die ewige Nibelungentreue zu Washington? Denn das ist doch, seien wir ehrlich, die Triebfeder all dieser Europ&#228;er von rechts: Sie wollen eine Alternative zum transatlantischen B&#252;ndnis. Sie sind nicht eines Morgens voller br&#252;derlicher Liebe zu Franzosen und Polen aufgewacht.</p><p>Die Antwort auf diese Frage h&#228;ngt davon ab, wie man die politischen Entwicklungstendenzen unserer Zeit deutet. Wenn wir in eine Epoche von Zivilisationsstaaten schreiten, dann w&#228;re unser Zivilisationsstaat der westliche und dessen unangefochtener Hegemon die Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika. Ich halte es gegen&#252;ber dieser These mit Wilhelm Hankel, der bemerkte, da&#223; es nach dieser Logik nur noch Dinosaurier g&#228;be und die Eidechsen alle ausgestorben sein m&#252;&#223;ten. Man kann die politische Souver&#228;nit&#228;t beim Nationalstaat belassen, auch wenn Intellektuelle seit &#252;ber hundert Jahren dessen Ende herbeischreiben. Angesichts des sich abzeichnenden Massenaussterbens &#252;berlebter politischer Formen bin ich lieber Eidechse als Dinosaurier.</p><p>Als 1871 das Deutsche Reich vereinigt wurde, h&#228;tte mancher Bayer lieber ein unabh&#228;ngiges Bayern behalten. Das mag man richtig oder falsch finden, es war eine m&#246;gliche Position. Ein gemeinsames Deutschland aus Bayern, Baden, dem Rheinland und Hamburg gegen Preu&#223;en w&#228;re eine Absurdit&#228;t gewesen, und als solche wurde es auch erst 1949 gegr&#252;ndet. Eine solche Absurdit&#228;t ist aber ein antiwestliches, antiamerikanisches Europa. Nicht einmal die Kultur, die vielbeschworene, gew&#228;nne daran. Man reduziere einmal die europ&#228;ische Kultur auf alles, was die Europ&#228;er untereinander, aber nicht mit den Amerikanern gemeinsam haben. Es blieben uns: Brigitte Bardot und Fu&#223;ball. Das w&#228;re ein bi&#223;chen wenig.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Jetzt abonnieren&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/subscribe?"><span>Jetzt abonnieren</span></a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Audiotext: Europäer gibt es nicht]]></title><description><![CDATA[Eindr&#252;cke von einer Hochzeit: Es gibt Deutsche, D&#228;nen, Griechen, Finnen, und es gibt Westler und Wei&#223;e.]]></description><link>https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/p/audiotext-es-gibt-keine-europaer</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/p/audiotext-es-gibt-keine-europaer</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Johannes Konstantin Poensgen]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 30 Sep 2026 17:08:14 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/218210927/c1ea820b9305aed7c6df3390be15c0ef.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Eindr&#252;cke von einer Hochzeit: Es gibt Deutsche, D&#228;nen, Griechen, Finnen, und es gibt Westler und Wei&#223;e. Aber keine Europ&#228;er.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!or6l!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60694a74-0036-4e39-aa48-a8b1622994cd_1600x900.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!or6l!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60694a74-0036-4e39-aa48-a8b1622994cd_1600x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!or6l!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60694a74-0036-4e39-aa48-a8b1622994cd_1600x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!or6l!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60694a74-0036-4e39-aa48-a8b1622994cd_1600x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!or6l!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60694a74-0036-4e39-aa48-a8b1622994cd_1600x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!or6l!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60694a74-0036-4e39-aa48-a8b1622994cd_1600x900.png" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!or6l!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60694a74-0036-4e39-aa48-a8b1622994cd_1600x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!or6l!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60694a74-0036-4e39-aa48-a8b1622994cd_1600x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!or6l!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60694a74-0036-4e39-aa48-a8b1622994cd_1600x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!or6l!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60694a74-0036-4e39-aa48-a8b1622994cd_1600x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Europ&#228;ische Flaggen ind Stra&#223;burg: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flags_of_Europe_Strasbourg.jpg">TeaMeister</a>, <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0">CC BY 2.0</a> , via Wikimedia Commons</figcaption></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Jetzt abonnieren&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;button-wrapper&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary button-wrapper" href="https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/subscribe?"><span>Jetzt abonnieren</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[There Are No Europeans]]></title><description><![CDATA[Impressions from a wedding: There are Germans, Danes, Greeks, Finns, and there are Westerners and Whites.]]></description><link>https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/p/there-are-no-europeans</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/p/there-are-no-europeans</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Johannes Konstantin Poensgen]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 30 Sep 2026 17:08:00 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!or6l!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60694a74-0036-4e39-aa48-a8b1622994cd_1600x900.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Impressions from a wedding: There are Germans, Danes, Greeks, Finns, and there are Westerners and Whites. But there are no Europeans.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!or6l!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60694a74-0036-4e39-aa48-a8b1622994cd_1600x900.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!or6l!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60694a74-0036-4e39-aa48-a8b1622994cd_1600x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!or6l!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60694a74-0036-4e39-aa48-a8b1622994cd_1600x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!or6l!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60694a74-0036-4e39-aa48-a8b1622994cd_1600x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!or6l!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60694a74-0036-4e39-aa48-a8b1622994cd_1600x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!or6l!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60694a74-0036-4e39-aa48-a8b1622994cd_1600x900.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/60694a74-0036-4e39-aa48-a8b1622994cd_1600x900.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2406617,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/i/218209124?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60694a74-0036-4e39-aa48-a8b1622994cd_1600x900.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!or6l!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60694a74-0036-4e39-aa48-a8b1622994cd_1600x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!or6l!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60694a74-0036-4e39-aa48-a8b1622994cd_1600x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!or6l!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60694a74-0036-4e39-aa48-a8b1622994cd_1600x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!or6l!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60694a74-0036-4e39-aa48-a8b1622994cd_1600x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">European flags in Stra&#223;burg: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flags_of_Europe_Strasbourg.jpg">TeaMeister</a>, <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0">CC BY 2.0</a>, via Wikimedia Commons</figcaption></figure></div><p></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Jetzt abonnieren&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/subscribe?"><span>Jetzt abonnieren</span></a></p><p>Some time ago, I attended a wedding. The bride and groom and the guests mostly belonged to what is known as the <em>global professional class</em>. The groom was Danish, the bride American, and the wedding took place in Germany. The guests therefore consisted primarily of Danes, Americans, and Germans. There were also Europeans of various nationalities. Everything from Finland to Greece was represented. It was a fascinating opportunity to observe the ethnic dynamics within the social class that is not itself directly the ruling class, but from which the ruling class is recruited. The non-ruling elite, in Pareto&#8217;s terminology.</p><p>At this wedding, unsurprisingly, there were three recognizable ethnic groups with their own group dynamics: the Danes, the Americans, and the Germans, who spoke to one another in their respective national languages. The lingua franca of the event was, of course, English, but the Americans were nevertheless recognizable as a distinct group, including those among them who were not members of the bride&#8217;s family. To satisfy every clich&#233;, an entrepreneur from Silicon Valley had developed a game that I can only describe as his own variant of poker, and he managed to lose several hundred dollars at his own game that evening.</p><p>What was very visibly absent, once you had an eye for it, were Europeans. There were, of course, plenty of Europeans as a geographical designation of origin: people who had been born on the European continent. But there was no group of Europeans. Contrary to the daydream of amateur European strategists, the Danes and Germans, the Greek and the Finn did not band together into a common front against the American occupier. Quite apart from the fact that they would have had to speak English to one another&#8212;ok, the Finn spoke German quite well. These people had nothing in common with one another that they did not also have in common with the Americans. They were all Westerners, but there is no subcategory called &#8220;Europeans.&#8221;</p><p>Among right-wing proponents of the idea of European unity, Alain de Benoist&#8217;s three-level model of identity is often cited. According to this model, the European has three levels of identity: regional identity, national identity, and European identity. The sleight of hand in this model, of course, is that the question of political sovereignty between the nation-state and the EU level is obscured by reformulating it as a question of identity. But in principle, this three-level model is of course correct and can even be generalized to all people who belong to some civilization. Chinese, Indians, and Persians, too, have a regional identity, a national identity, and an identity as members of a civilization.</p><p>The problem is that our cultural sphere is not Europe, but the West. Geographical Europe is part of it, but cannot be demarcated within it; above all, Europe is not a concept of identity that can be played off against the West except through ideological proclamations. If one does not like the word West here, then call it the Occident, or the Abendland, if you like. But by doing so, one makes a fool of oneself, because both words mean nothing other than West. The German word <em>Abendland</em> does not mean &#8220;Abendland&#8221; because the evening sun shines more beautifully here than in the &#8220;Morgenland&#8221;, but because &#8220;evening&#8221; and &#8220;morning&#8221; were formerly used in the German language as synonyms for the cardinal directions west and east. Spengler&#8217;s <em>Untergang des Abendlandes</em> was correctly translated as <em>Decline of the West</em>.</p><p>If a German goes into a bar in Dubai or Singapore and meets a Frenchman, a Spaniard, an American, and a New Zealander there, he can sit down with any of them equally well. The common language will be English, just as in other eras it would have been French or Latin, and the common cultural points of reference that are less than a hundred years old will be, ot exclusively, but to a considerable extent, American in origin.</p><p>That is the community of a genuinely existing cultural sphere. Mass immigration has settled a large number of foreigners in the countries of Western civilization, who are nevertheless, to a considerable extent, culturally assimilated, whatever that may actually mean. As a result, the white race, which of course already existed as a biological fact beforehand, has become a political issue and a distinct group identification with a basis in actually existing social reality. Compared with the realities of Western civilization and the white race, invocations of Europe have the character of mere political constructions.</p><p>There is, however, one place on this planet where Europeans are artificially created as an observable social group: Brussels. This is one of the most dangerous aspects of the European Union. In Brussels, the institutions of the EU create, through the social dynamics of a shared workplace, the same kind of community that every workplace produces. People work in the same buildings, get annoyed by the same janitor, go to the same bars after work, and attend the same company parties and receptions. This community is very much cross-party and cross-factional and plays a decisive role in the domestication of fundamental political opposition by parliament. But the phenomenon itself is not limited to Brussels. I was recently at the parliament of the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, and there is a &#8220;Landtagsgrieche&#8221; there, a Greek restaurant frequented by members of all parliamentary groups simply because it is a two-minute walk from the parliament. What is specific to Brussels, however, is the tendency to mistake this community of co-workers for a continent-wide sense of belonging shared by all Europeans. No member of a national parliament confuses the bar counter in the parliamentary cellar with the nation in this way.</p><p>Does the non-existence of Europe as an identity distinguishable from the West therefore imply eternal Nibelung loyalty to Washington? Because that is, let us be honest, the driving force behind all these right-wing Europeans: They want an alternative to the transatlantic alliance. They did not wake up one morning filled with brotherly love for the French and the Poles.</p><p>The answer to this question depends on how one interprets the political tendencies of our time. If we are entering an era of civilizational states, then our civilizational state would be the Western one, and its undisputed hegemon the United States of America. On this thesis, I side with Wilhelm Hankel, who remarked that according to this logic there would only be dinosaurs left, and all the lizards would have gone extinct. Political sovereignty can remain with the nation-state, even though intellectuals have been predicting its demise for more than a hundred years. In view of the looming mass extinction of obsolete political forms, I would rather be a lizard than a dinosaur.</p><p>When the German Empire was unified in 1871, some Bavarians would have preferred to retain an independent Bavaria. One may consider that right or wrong; it was a possible position. A united Germany consisting of Bavaria, Baden, the Rhineland, and Hamburg against Prussia would have been an absurdity, and as such it was only founded in 1949. But such an absurdity is an anti-Western, anti-American Europe. Not even culture, that much-invoked concept, would gain from it. Reduce European culture to everything that Europeans have in common with one another but not with Americans. What would remain? Brigitte Bardot and soccer. That would not be that much.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Jetzt abonnieren&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/subscribe?"><span>Jetzt abonnieren</span></a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Die Eule der Minerva]]></title><description><![CDATA[Unter allen politischen Denkern der Geschichte hat keiner einen so schlechten Zeitpunkt erwischt wie Robert Filmer.]]></description><link>https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/p/die-eule-der-minerva</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/p/die-eule-der-minerva</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Johannes Konstantin Poensgen]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 23 Sep 2026 00:59:05 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGdk!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b403507-f4bb-45c0-8050-22cef91415b7_1600x900.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Unter allen politischen Denkern der Geschichte hat keiner einen so schlechten Zeitpunkt erwischt wie Robert Filmer. Seine &#8222;Patriarcha&#8220; ist der politische R&#252;ckblick des Agrarzeitalters.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGdk!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b403507-f4bb-45c0-8050-22cef91415b7_1600x900.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGdk!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b403507-f4bb-45c0-8050-22cef91415b7_1600x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGdk!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b403507-f4bb-45c0-8050-22cef91415b7_1600x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGdk!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b403507-f4bb-45c0-8050-22cef91415b7_1600x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGdk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b403507-f4bb-45c0-8050-22cef91415b7_1600x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGdk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b403507-f4bb-45c0-8050-22cef91415b7_1600x900.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5b403507-f4bb-45c0-8050-22cef91415b7_1600x900.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1922771,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/i/216992141?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b403507-f4bb-45c0-8050-22cef91415b7_1600x900.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGdk!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b403507-f4bb-45c0-8050-22cef91415b7_1600x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGdk!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b403507-f4bb-45c0-8050-22cef91415b7_1600x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGdk!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b403507-f4bb-45c0-8050-22cef91415b7_1600x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGdk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b403507-f4bb-45c0-8050-22cef91415b7_1600x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>(Bildmontage: Fragen zur Zeit; Robert Filmer: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Robert_Filmer_Portrait.jpg">Tomitoch</a>, <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>, via Wikimedia Commons; R&#246;mischer Pater Familias mit Sohn: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Father_and_son,_Roman,_130-140_AD,_marble_-_Galleria_Borghese_-_Rome,_Italy_-_DSC04992.jpg">Daderot</a>, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons)<br></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Jetzt abonnieren&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/subscribe?"><span>Jetzt abonnieren</span></a></p><p>Robert Filmer ist heute fast ausschlie&#223;lich dadurch bekannt, da&#223; John Locke sich im ersten der &#8222;Two Treatises of Government&#8220; an ihm abgearbeitet hat. Oder besser an dem Strohmann, den er von Robert Filmer gezeichnet hat.</p><p>Der Robert Filmer des John Locke ist ein Obskurantist, der mit Bibelversen um sich werfend die Menschheit zur ewigen Sklaverei verdammt. Die Theorie Filmers nach Locke lautet: Als Adam geschaffen wurde, erhielt er unbeschr&#228;nktes Herrschaftsrecht auf dieser Erde inklusive &#252;ber die eigenen Nachkommen. Dieses Herrschaftsrecht &#252;bertrug sich dann auf einige seiner S&#246;hne, wenn auch aus irgendeinem Grund nicht auf andere, und so ging es die Generationen hinunter, wodurch die heutigen K&#246;nige die Legitimation ihrer Herrschaft aus dieser urspr&#252;nglichen v&#228;terlichen Autorit&#228;t Adams beziehen.</p><p>Das ist so weit von Robert Filmer entfernt, da&#223; eine ernsthafte Besch&#228;ftigung mit der ersten der beiden Abhandlungen Lockes darauf hinausl&#228;uft, Seite f&#252;r Seite stupide zu wiederholen, da&#223; Locke v&#246;llig an Filmer vorbeiargumentiert. Dabei zitiert Locke Filmer ausf&#252;hrlich, Stelle f&#252;r Stelle. Entweder also hat Locke Filmer nicht verstanden, oder aber, er hat ihn nur zu gut verstanden.</p><p>Es ist aber trotzdem erhellend, wie Locke versucht, Filmer zu Leibe zu r&#252;cken. Locke versucht Filmer gem&#228;&#223; der Gesellschaftsvertragstheorien seiner Zeit zu widerlegen. Diese waren ja nicht einfach die Fiktion, da&#223; irgendwann alle irgendwie einer bestimmten Regierungsform zugestimmt h&#228;tten. Sie waren der Versuch aus der Annahme des Naturrechtes ein Gemeinwesen durch Rechts&#252;bertragungen juristisch zu konstruieren. Die Idee lautete: Im Naturzustand hat der Mensch durch das Naturrecht bestimmte Rechte und diese Rechte kann er &#252;bertragen. Dadurch entsteht das Gemeinwesen. Diese Rechts&#252;bertragungen sind dann auch genauso zu pr&#252;fen, wie Juristen das bis heute lernen. Hatte der Mensch das Recht, welches er &#252;bertragen wollte, &#252;berhaupt? Durfte er es rechtm&#228;&#223;ig &#252;bertragen? Hat er es dann auch &#252;bertragen?</p><p>In seiner zweiten Abhandlung etwa bestreitet Locke die M&#246;glichkeit rechtm&#228;&#223;ig die Verf&#252;gung &#252;ber das eigene Leben und die eigene Freiheit an einen anderen zu &#252;bertragen. Deshalb sind Todesstrafe und Sklaverei bei Locke nicht aus einer Rechts&#252;bertragung der ihnen Unterworfenen, sondern durch die &#220;bertragung des Jedermannsrecht zur Bestrafung im Naturzustand durch die anderen Mitglieder der Gesellschaft konstruiert.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="#footnote-1" target="_self">1</a></p><p>Locke pr&#252;ft nun auch auf diese Weise die souver&#228;ne Gewalt Adams, in mehreren Kapiteln geht er der Frage nach, wie Adam sie erhalten haben k&#246;nnte. Danach pr&#252;ft er, ob Adam sie &#252;bertragen hat, und wenn ja an wen. Wenig verwunderlich kommt Locke zu dem Ergebnis, da&#223; Adam erst einmal gar keine souver&#228;ne Gewalt inne gehabt hatte und da&#223; sich wenn er sie gehabt h&#228;tte, keine Erblinie feststellen lasse, die zu den gerade aktuell auf dem Thron sitzenden Herrschern f&#252;hrt.</p><p>Das einzige Problem ist, da&#223; Filmer nicht nur kein Gesellschaftsvertragstheoretiker ist, sondern die Gesellschaftsvertragstheorie gleich zu Beginn seines Buches zerrei&#223;t. &#220;brigens ein bemerkenswertes Zeugnis des Zeitgeistes. Wir schimpfen heute &#252;ber Konservative, die sich linke Pr&#228;missen zu eigen machen und dann versuchen auf die Bremse zu treten. Da liest man die folgenden Zeilen, mit denen die Patriarcha beginnt und sieht, da&#223; es schon damals nicht anders war:</p><blockquote><p>&#8222;Seit der Zeit, da&#223; die Schultheologie zu erbl&#252;hen begann, hat sich die verbreitete Meinung erhalten, sowohl bei den Theologen, als auch bei verschiedenen anderen gelehrten M&#228;nnern, welche erkl&#228;rt, die Menschheit ist von Natur begabt und geboren mit Freiheit von aller Unterwerfung, und mit der Befugnis sich jedwede Regierungsform auszusuchen, welche ihr genehm sei: Und da&#223; die Macht die nur irgendein Mann &#252;ber einen anderen hat, zuerst vom Willen der Menge verliehen wurde.&#8220;</p></blockquote><p>Nach einer Aufz&#228;hlung verschiedener Autoren und Kontroversen der Zeit f&#228;hrt Filmer fort:</p><blockquote><p>&#8222;Und obwohl Sir John Heywood, Adam Blackwood, John Barclay, und einige andere gelehrsam sowohl Buchanan als auch Parsons widerlegt haben, und tapfer das Recht der K&#246;nige in den meisten Punkten verteidigten, haben alle von ihnen, sobald es zum Argument kam, welches aus der nat&#252;rlichen Freiheit und Gleichheit der Menschheit abgeleitet wird, diese Wahrheit einhellig f&#252;r unzweifelhaft erkl&#228;rt, sie nicht ein einziges Mal bestritten oder widerlegt; wobei falls sie dieses erste irref&#252;hrende Prinzip widerlegt h&#228;tten, so w&#228;re das ganze Gef&#252;ge dieser gro&#223;en Maschine der Volksaufst&#228;nde in sich selbst zusammengefallen.&#8220;<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-2" href="#footnote-2" target="_self">2</a></p></blockquote><p>Adam spielt bei Filmer eine viel geringere Rolle, als bei Locke. Ganze 25 Mal taucht der Name unter den 27.000 W&#246;rtern der Patriarcha auf, w&#228;hrend er unter den mehr als 100.000 W&#246;rtern, die Locke zu ihrer Widerlegung verspritzt hat, ganze 404 Mal niedergeschrieben ist. Fast ein halbes Prozent der beiden Abhandlungen Lockes ist nur der Name Adams. Es gibt Biographien, die mit dem Namen ihres Protagonisten sparsamer umgehen.</p><p>Neema Parvini hat k&#252;rzlich darauf verwiesen, da&#223; man die Person Adams aus Filmers Buch auch streichen und durch Grug den H&#246;hlenmenschen ersetzen k&#246;nnte<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-3" href="#footnote-3" target="_self">3</a>. Adam ist bei Filmer nicht der Ursprung einer Kette von Rechts&#252;bertragungen, sondern Symbol f&#252;r die menschliche Fr&#252;hzeit. Denn Filmer argumentiert nicht religi&#246;s, oder zumindest nicht mehr, als zu seiner Zeit &#252;blich war. Filmer denkt historisch, wirklich historisch, nicht blo&#223; als Chronologie, sondern in geschichtlichen Entwicklungen. W&#228;hrend Locke als Kind seiner Zeit denkt und als Kind seiner Zeit die monarchische Ordnung durch die damalige Denkmode des Gesellschaftsvertrages unterminiert, ist Filmer, ihr Verteidiger, seiner Zeit im Denken weit voraus. Sein ist das Schicksal der Eule Minervas, die ihren Flug erst in der D&#228;mmerung beginnt. Ohne es selbst zu begreifen steht Filmer am Ausgang von f&#252;nf Jahrtausenden agrarisch gepr&#228;gter Menschheitsgeschichte.</p><p>[F&#252;r den zweiten Teil abonnieren Sie bitte &#8222;Fragen zur Zeit&#8220;. Ein Vollabonnement kostet nur 7 Euro im Monat, und man braucht keine Kreditkarte mehr. Ich schreibe das nun hier extra hin, weil mir immer wieder Leute kommen, die meinen, nur weil ich die Bezahlschranke nicht nach den ersten f&#252;nf Zeilen setze, sei der Text zu Ende.]</p><p></p>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Audiotext: Die Eule der Minerva]]></title><description><![CDATA[Unter allen politischen Denkern der Geschichte hat keiner einen so schlechten Zeitpunkt erwischt wie Robert Filmer.]]></description><link>https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/p/audiotext-die-eule-der-minderva</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/p/audiotext-die-eule-der-minderva</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Johannes Konstantin Poensgen]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 23 Sep 2026 00:58:58 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/216999516/1ebb15c098abfa182ddd27a4a8f73470.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Unter allen politischen Denkern der Geschichte hat keiner einen so schlechten Zeitpunkt erwischt wie Robert Filmer. Seine &#8222;Patriarcha&#8220; ist der politische R&#252;ckblick des Agrarzeitalters.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGdk!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b403507-f4bb-45c0-8050-22cef91415b7_1600x900.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGdk!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b403507-f4bb-45c0-8050-22cef91415b7_1600x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGdk!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b403507-f4bb-45c0-8050-22cef91415b7_1600x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGdk!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b403507-f4bb-45c0-8050-22cef91415b7_1600x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGdk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b403507-f4bb-45c0-8050-22cef91415b7_1600x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGdk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b403507-f4bb-45c0-8050-22cef91415b7_1600x900.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5b403507-f4bb-45c0-8050-22cef91415b7_1600x900.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1922771,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/i/216992141?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b403507-f4bb-45c0-8050-22cef91415b7_1600x900.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGdk!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b403507-f4bb-45c0-8050-22cef91415b7_1600x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGdk!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b403507-f4bb-45c0-8050-22cef91415b7_1600x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGdk!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b403507-f4bb-45c0-8050-22cef91415b7_1600x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGdk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b403507-f4bb-45c0-8050-22cef91415b7_1600x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>(Bildmontage: Fragen zur Zeit; Robert Filmer: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Robert_Filmer_Portrait.jpg">Tomitoch</a>, <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>, via Wikimedia Commons; R&#246;mischer Pater Familias mit Sohn: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Father_and_son,_Roman,_130-140_AD,_marble_-_Galleria_Borghese_-_Rome,_Italy_-_DSC04992.jpg">Daderot</a>, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commo&#8230;</p>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Owl of Minerva]]></title><description><![CDATA[Of all the political thinkers in history, none got the timing quite as wrong as Robert Filmer.]]></description><link>https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/p/the-owl-of-minerva</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/p/the-owl-of-minerva</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Johannes Konstantin Poensgen]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 23 Sep 2026 00:58:17 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGdk!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b403507-f4bb-45c0-8050-22cef91415b7_1600x900.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Of all the political thinkers in history, none got the timing quite as wrong as Robert Filmer. His <em>Patriarcha</em> is the political retrospective of the agrarian age.<br></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGdk!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b403507-f4bb-45c0-8050-22cef91415b7_1600x900.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGdk!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b403507-f4bb-45c0-8050-22cef91415b7_1600x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGdk!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b403507-f4bb-45c0-8050-22cef91415b7_1600x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGdk!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b403507-f4bb-45c0-8050-22cef91415b7_1600x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGdk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b403507-f4bb-45c0-8050-22cef91415b7_1600x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGdk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b403507-f4bb-45c0-8050-22cef91415b7_1600x900.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5b403507-f4bb-45c0-8050-22cef91415b7_1600x900.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1922771,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/i/216992141?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b403507-f4bb-45c0-8050-22cef91415b7_1600x900.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGdk!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b403507-f4bb-45c0-8050-22cef91415b7_1600x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGdk!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b403507-f4bb-45c0-8050-22cef91415b7_1600x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGdk!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b403507-f4bb-45c0-8050-22cef91415b7_1600x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vGdk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b403507-f4bb-45c0-8050-22cef91415b7_1600x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>(Montage: Fragen zur Zeit; Robert Filmer: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Robert_Filmer_Portrait.jpg">Tomitoch</a>, <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>, via Wikimedia Commons; Roman Pater Familias with son: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Father_and_son,_Roman,_130-140_AD,_marble_-_Galleria_Borghese_-_Rome,_Italy_-_DSC04992.jpg">Daderot</a>, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons)</p><p>Today, Robert Filmer is known almost exclusively because John Locke devoted himself to attacking him in the first of the <em>Two Treatises of Government</em>. Or, more precisely, to attacking the straw man he constructed in place of Robert Filmer.</p><p>John Locke&#8217;s Robert Filmer is an obscurantist who, hurling Bible verses about, condemns humanity to eternal slavery. According to Locke, Filmer&#8217;s theory is this: When Adam was created, he was granted unlimited dominion over the earth, including dominion over his own descendants. This dominion was then passed on to some of his sons, though for some reason not to others, and so it was handed down through the generations, meaning that the kings of the present day derive the legitimacy of their rule from this original paternal authority of Adam.</p><p>This is so far removed from Robert Filmer that taking the first of Locke&#8217;s two treatises seriously amounts to repeating, page after page, that Locke is arguing entirely past Filmer. And yet Locke quotes Filmer extensively, passage by passage. Either Locke did not understand Filmer, or else he understood him all too well.</p><p>Nevertheless, it is illuminating to examine how Locke tries to get at Filmer. Locke attempts to refute Filmer according to the social-contract theories of his time. These were not simply the fiction that at some point everyone had somehow agreed to a particular form of government. They were an attempt to construct a political community juridically from the assumption of natural law, through transfers of rights. The idea was this: In the state of nature, man possesses certain rights by virtue of natural law, and these rights can be transferred. Thus the political community comes into being. These transfers of rights must then be examined in much the same way lawyers are still taught to examine them today. Did the person possess the right he purported to transfer in the first place? Was he legally entitled to transfer it? And did he actually transfer it?</p><p>In his second treatise, for example, Locke denies the possibility of lawfully transferring the disposal of one&#8217;s own life and liberty to another. Thus, for Locke, the death penalty and slavery are not constructed from a transfer of rights by those subjected to them, but through the transfer, by the other members of society, of everyone&#8217;s right to punish in the state of nature.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="#footnote-1" target="_self">1</a></p><p>Locke now examines Adam&#8217;s sovereign power in the same manner. In several chapters he asks how Adam could have acquired it. He then examines whether Adam transferred it, and if so, to whom. Unsurprisingly, Locke concludes that Adam did not possess sovereign power in the first place, and that even if he had possessed it, no hereditary line can be established that leads to the rulers currently sitting on the throne.</p><p>The only problem is that Filmer is not merely not a social-contract theorist; he tears the social-contract theory to pieces right at the beginning of his book. Incidentally, this is a remarkable testimony to the spirit of the age. Today we complain about conservatives who adopt left-wing premises and then try to put the brakes on. Reading the following lines with which <em>Patriarcha</em> begins, one sees that things were no different back then:</p><blockquote><p>&#8220;Since the time that School-Divinity began to flourish, there hath been a common Opinion maintained, as well by Divines, as by divers other learned Men, which affirms, Mankind is naturally endowed and born with Freedom from all Subjection, and at liberty to chose what Form of Government it please: And that the Power which any one Man hath over others, was at first bestowed according to the discretion of the Multitude&#8221;</p></blockquote><p>After listing various authors and controversies of the period, Filmer continues:</p><blockquote><p>&#8220;And though Sir John Heywood, Adam Blackwood, John Barclay, and some others have Learnedly Confuted both Buchanan and Parsons, and bravely vindicated the Right of Kings in most Points, yet all of them, when they come to the Argument drawn from the Natural Liberty and Equality of Mankind, do with one consent admit it for a Truth unquestionable, not so much as once denying or opposing it; whereas if they did but Confute this first erroneous Principle, the whole Fabrick of this vast Engine of Popular Sedition would drop down of it self&#8221;<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-2" href="#footnote-2" target="_self">2</a></p></blockquote><p>Adam plays a much smaller role in Filmer than he does in Locke. His name appears only 25 times among the 27,000 words of <em>Patriarcha</em>, whereas it appears 404 times in the more than 100,000 words Locke spills in attempting to refute him. Almost half a percent of Locke&#8217;s two treatises consists solely of the name Adam. There are biographies that are more sparing with their protagonist&#8217;s name.</p><p>Neema Parvini recently pointed out that one could remove the person of Adam from Filmer&#8217;s book and replace him with Grug the Caveman.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-3" href="#footnote-3" target="_self">3</a> Adam, in Filmer, is not the origin of a chain of transfers of rights, but a symbol of humanity&#8217;s early history. For Filmer does not argue religiously, or at least no more so than was customary in his time. Filmer thinks historically&#8212;genuinely historically, not merely in terms of chronology, but in terms of historical development. While Locke thinks as a child of his age and, as a child of his age, undermines the monarchical order through the prevailing intellectual fashion of social-contract theory, Filmer, its defender, is intellectually far ahead of his time. His is the fate of Minerva&#8217;s owl, which begins its flight only at dusk. Without understanding it himself, Filmer stands at the end of five millennia of agrarian human history.</p><p>[For the second part, please subscribe to <em>Fragen zur Zeit</em>. A full subscription costs only &#8364;7 a month, and you no longer need a credit card. I am putting this here explicitly because people keep coming to me claiming that, just because I do not put the paywall after the first five lines, the text must be over.]</p><p></p>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Gedankensplitter (79): Die schwarze Stimme des Volksempfindens]]></title><description><![CDATA[Im Kinderm&#246;rderprozess der Lindsey Clancy war die eine Stimme f&#252;r den Schuldspruch ein schwarzer Mann: Race realists vindicated.]]></description><link>https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/p/gedankensplitter-79-die-schwarze</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/p/gedankensplitter-79-die-schwarze</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Johannes Konstantin Poensgen]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 11 Sep 2026 18:27:03 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/215263907/cdea48a4b8eebfb90e6e883af65c4d2c.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Im Kinderm&#246;rderprozess der Lindsey Clancy war die eine Stimme f&#252;r den Schuldspruch ein schwarzer Mann: Race realists vindicated. Linke und Sloprechte mal wieder ins Klo gegriffen.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iFHg!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0948b509-5e8d-463e-af89-b81a297a2d86_1600x900.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iFHg!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0948b509-5e8d-463e-af89-b81a297a2d86_1600x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iFHg!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0948b509-5e8d-463e-af89-b81a297a2d86_1600x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iFHg!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0948b509-5e8d-463e-af89-b81a297a2d86_1600x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iFHg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0948b509-5e8d-463e-af89-b81a297a2d86_1600x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iFHg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0948b509-5e8d-463e-af89-b81a297a2d86_1600x900.png" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iFHg!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0948b509-5e8d-463e-af89-b81a297a2d86_1600x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iFHg!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0948b509-5e8d-463e-af89-b81a297a2d86_1600x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iFHg!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0948b509-5e8d-463e-af89-b81a297a2d86_1600x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iFHg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0948b509-5e8d-463e-af89-b81a297a2d86_1600x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div 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abonnieren</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Rückblick vom Rauros]]></title><description><![CDATA[Christian Illners &#8222;Die Tiefe Rechte&#8220;: F&#252;r so ein kleines B&#252;chlein ist es sehr schwer, der tiefen Rechten gerecht zu werden.]]></description><link>https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/p/ruckblick-vom-rauros</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/p/ruckblick-vom-rauros</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Johannes Konstantin Poensgen]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 01 Sep 2026 18:21:34 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E4nB!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b8c2567-8d8e-4f9b-aaa9-415d1c4865ab_1600x900.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Christian Illners &#8222;Die Tiefe Rechte&#8220;: F&#252;r so ein kleines B&#252;chlein ist es sehr schwer, der tiefen Rechten gerecht zu werden.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E4nB!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b8c2567-8d8e-4f9b-aaa9-415d1c4865ab_1600x900.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E4nB!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b8c2567-8d8e-4f9b-aaa9-415d1c4865ab_1600x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E4nB!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b8c2567-8d8e-4f9b-aaa9-415d1c4865ab_1600x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E4nB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b8c2567-8d8e-4f9b-aaa9-415d1c4865ab_1600x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E4nB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b8c2567-8d8e-4f9b-aaa9-415d1c4865ab_1600x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E4nB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b8c2567-8d8e-4f9b-aaa9-415d1c4865ab_1600x900.png" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E4nB!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b8c2567-8d8e-4f9b-aaa9-415d1c4865ab_1600x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E4nB!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b8c2567-8d8e-4f9b-aaa9-415d1c4865ab_1600x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E4nB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b8c2567-8d8e-4f9b-aaa9-415d1c4865ab_1600x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E4nB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b8c2567-8d8e-4f9b-aaa9-415d1c4865ab_1600x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>(Bildmontage: Fragen zur Zeit; Christian Illner: <a href="https://x.com/ChristianIllner">&#169; Christian Illner</a>, Niagaraf&#228;lle: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Frederic_Edwin_Church_-_Niagara_Falls_-_WGA04867.jpg">Frederic Edwin Church</a>, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons)</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Jetzt abonnieren&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/subscribe?"><span>Jetzt abonnieren</span></a></p><p></p><p>Christian Illner hat sich damit Lob und Bewunderung ebenso redlich verdient, wie Hohn und Hass. Das ist sehr selten. In diesem absurden Kontrast habe ich es noch bei keinem Buch erlebt. Es kommt oft vor, da&#223; ein Autor sich &#252;bernimmt, nach einem zur H&#228;lfte gelungenen Werk &#252;ber die Grenzen seines Wissens hinausgeht, oder aber versucht, Schlu&#223;folgerungen aus seinem Material zu melken, die das Material einfach nicht hergibt. Keines von beidem w&#228;re etwas Besonderes, aber keines von beidem kann man Illner vorwerfen. Der Grund f&#252;r dieses Nebeneinander aus Klarheit und Obskurantismus, G&#252;te und Gift liegt in Hegels Ausspruch, die Eule der Minerva beginne ihren Flug erst in der D&#228;mmerung, die so manchem Denker zum Fluch wurde. N&#228;chste Woche werden wir hier einen anderen Denker behandeln, dem dies auf eine ganz andere Weise, in ganz anderen historischen Dimensionen zum Schicksal wurde: Robert Filmer. Filmers Tragik liegt in nicht weniger, als da&#223; er am Ausgang von 5000 Jahren agrarischer Hochkultur geschrieben hat, kurz bevor die industrielle Revolution seine historische Ableitung der k&#246;niglichen Autorit&#228;t von der v&#228;terlichen, eine Theorie, gegen die John Locke nur die Polemik gegen einen Strohmann blieb, obsolet machte.</p><p>Illner steht, wie wir alle gerade, an der zeitlichen Scheidelinie einer politischen Bewegung. Zuk&#252;nftige Geistesgeschichtler werden vor diesem Buch und den Reaktionen darauf vermutlich ziemlich verwirrt dastehen, wenn sie nicht mit den Details jedes einzelnen Jahres, vielleicht der einzelnen Monate, vertraut sein werden. Das zumindest hat &#8222;Die Tiefe Rechte&#8220; mit so manchem Buch der 1920er gemeinsam.</p><p>Was ist nun der Stein des Ansto&#223;es?<br>Es ist, da&#223; Illner als Forderung f&#252;r die Zukunft aufstellt, was einordnender R&#252;ckblick h&#228;tte sein sollen. Ein herrischer Befehlston mi&#223;klingt an einer Stelle, die der Platz f&#252;r Erinnerung, Verstehen und auch Verzeihen gewesen w&#228;re. Was Illner nun, da es am Ende seiner nat&#252;rlichen Entwicklung angekommen ist, die Gef&#228;hrtenschaft genannt hat, das haben wir gelebt.</p><p>Doch von Anfang an:<br>Illner will Wege des Zusammenlebens innerhalb der Rechten aufzeigen.</p><p>Dazu stellt er die Frage, was das Rechte denn sei, verwirft diese Frage und ersetzt sie durch die Frage, wer die Rechten sind. Die Antwort: Wir. Wir sind die Rechten. Also die, die &#8222;in die rechte Ecke gestellt wurden&#8220; und dann in dieses Sein als Rechte einspringen. Das scheint verr&#252;ckt. Illner verweigert, der Rechten einen Inhalt zu geben, aber dennoch sollen wir die Rechten sein? Wenn er nicht sagt, was denn bitte rechts ist, wie soll man dann sagen k&#246;nnen, wer rechts ist?</p><p>Das R&#228;tsel l&#246;st sich, wenn man versteht, da&#223; Illner &#252;ber das ganze Buch konsequent eine Betrachtung der Vergangenheit als Forderung in die Zukunft projiziert. Illners rechtes Wir ist vorhanden. Es ist eine Gruppe von Personen, die in den letzten zehn bis zwanzig Jahren als rechte Gef&#228;hrtenschaft einen gemeinsamen Weg gegangen ist. R&#252;ckblickend k&#246;nnen wir sagen, wer hier dazugeh&#246;rt und wer nicht. Wer dabei war, war dabei. Das ist ganz einfach.</p><p>Die Anzahl der betreffenden Gef&#228;hrten ist auch sehr &#252;berschaubar. Es sind ein bisschen mehr als neun, doch da&#223; es diese Gef&#228;hrtenschaft so geben konnte, lag ganz wesentlich daran, da&#223; die Zahl aller halbwegs relevanten Leute innerhalb von Dunbars Zahl lag. Es d&#252;rfte sehr schwer sein, zwei Personen zu finden, die irgendwann mal dabei waren und mehr als einen einzigen gemeinsamen Bekannten auseinanderliegen.</p><p>Diese Gef&#228;hrtenschaft bestimmt sich durch ihre gemeinsame Vergangenheit. Es braucht keine gemeinsame Weltanschauung, schon gar kein gemeinsames Programm. Es ergibt sich &#252;ber die gemeinsame Geschichte auch dann, wenn man sich seither inhaltlich zerstritten hat oder einander sogar pers&#246;nlich ha&#223;t. Was beides innerhalb dieser Gef&#228;hrtenschaft auch zur Gen&#252;ge passiert ist. Diese Bestimmung durch die gemeinsame Vergangenheit funktioniert aber nat&#252;rlich nur im R&#252;ckblick, niemals beim Blick in die Zukunft. Es ist eine Perspektivenfrage. Und die zeitlichen Perspektiven sind beides Blicke aus der Gegenwart. Eine nach vorn, eine andere zur&#252;ck.</p><p>Es ist eigentlich sehr simpel: Es gibt zwei nichtbiologische Arten von Bestimmungen des Wirs. Eine blickt in die Zukunft und beruht auf gemeinsamen Zielen. Eine blickt in die Vergangenheit und beruht auf einer gemeinsamen Geschichte. Das biologische Wir ist noch einmal eine eigene Sache, es ist mehr als eine blo&#223;e Reproduktionsgemeinschaft, aber das w&#252;rde hier zu weit f&#252;hren.</p><p>Illner spielt das Wir der gemeinsamen Vergangenheit, in seinen Worten die &#8222;real existierende rechte Gef&#228;hrtenschaft&#8220;<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="#footnote-1" target="_self">1</a> gegen das Wir der gemeinsamen Zukunft aus. Letzteres l&#228;&#223;t Illner gar nicht als Wir gelten, sondern im Gegenteil: Es ist ihm ein Trick, mit dem sich das Ich vom Wir zu emanzipieren versucht.</p><p>&#8222;Durch dieses Man&#246;ver emanzipiert sich der einzelne Rechte von den Anspr&#252;chen eines rechten Wirs und erringt die Freiheit, sich nach eigenen Interessen ein Wir zu w&#228;hlen. Identit&#228;t aber ist in ihrem innersten Kern ungew&#228;hlt: Man mu&#223; schon jemand sein, Eigenschaften und Willen haben, um &#252;berhaupt w&#228;hlen zu k&#246;nnen. Die Identit&#228;t geht der Identit&#228;tswahl damit voraus, leitet sie an und bindet sie an sich zur&#252;ck.&#8220;<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-2" href="#footnote-2" target="_self">2</a><br><br>Das stimmt tats&#228;chlich. Illner beschreibt hier vollkommen richtig das Wir in der Gegenwart zwischen Vergangenheit und Zukunft. Jedes Wir hat Herkunft, und wenn es ein Wir bleiben soll, dann braucht es Zukunft. Das kennt jeder, der einmal in einer Gef&#228;hrtenschaft im Wortsinne war: Einer Gruppe, die gemeinsam auf Fahrt geht. Die Gef&#228;hrtenschaft besteht einmal durch den bisher gemeinsam gegangenen Weg. Ziele sind aus dieser Perspektive irrelevant. Man kann sich auch gemeinsam verlaufen haben. Gleichzeitig besteht die Gef&#228;hrtenschaft durch das gemeinsame Ziel. Was Illner st&#246;rt, ist, da&#223; die Zukunft der Gef&#228;hrtenschaft nicht so unverr&#252;cklich feststeht wie ihre Vergangenheit. Das haben Vergangenheit und Zukunft nun mal so an sich. Wer auf kalter Stra&#223;e im Regen auf einmal beschlie&#223;t, da&#223; er lieber zu Hause w&#228;re, der steht trotzdem erst einmal auf kalter Stra&#223;e im Regen. Aber er kann sich entschlie&#223;en, nicht mehr mitzugehen. Oder er kann sich entschlie&#223;en, irgendwo anders hinzugehen. Nicht auf diesen Gipfel, sondern auf jenen. Ob es in einer bestimmten Situation vertretbar ist, einfach zu gehen, das steht auf einem anderen Blatt. Aber auch die Frage, wer hier wen verl&#228;&#223;t oder eben im Stich l&#228;&#223;t, die ist jenseits der Metaphern eben nicht so einfach.</p><p>Aber Illner will nicht, da&#223; die Gef&#228;hrtenschaft auch zerbrechen kann. &#8222;Wer mitwirken will, mu&#223; jetzt anfangen, die Gef&#228;hrtenschaft zu verinnerlichen und sich als Teil von ihr zu betrachten. F&#252;r eine Leugnung des rechten Wirs ist hier kein Platz. Es mu&#223; unhintergehbar werden.&#8220;<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-3" href="#footnote-3" target="_self">3</a> fordert er. Unhintergehbar aber ist nur die Vergangenheit. Wer eine unhintergehbare Gef&#228;hrtenschaft will, bekommt ein Fossil.</p><p>Die Gef&#228;hrtenschaft kann nicht unhintergehbar sein, wenn sie die andere Forderung erf&#252;llen soll, die Illner an sie herantr&#228;gt: die der Offenheit. Illner sieht, da&#223; die Rechte zwar Ziele hat, vor allem negative Ziele, wie den gro&#223;en Austausch aufhalten. Aber sich nicht auf ein gemeinsames Endziel einigen k&#246;nnte. Diese Leere sieht er nicht als einen Raum, in den er selbst nun einen Entwurf hineinzutragen h&#228;tte, der dann gegen alle anderen durchzusetzen w&#228;re, sondern als eine Offenheit f&#252;r die Zukunft, die erst kommen wird. Das ist eine der beiden gro&#223;en St&#228;rken von Illners Denken, da&#223; er, hier mehr Sch&#252;ler Hegels als Heideggers, versteht, da&#223; das Wahre das Ganze und zwar das Ganze in der Zeit ist:</p><p>&#8222;Die Gef&#228;hrtenschaft ist ihr eigener Anfang, ihr eigener Weg und ihr eigenes Ziel in einem. Doch statt diese drei Zust&#228;nde in ein Einerlei zu verquirlen, richtet diese Dreieinigkeit die Gef&#228;hrtenschaft aus, indem sie deren zeitliche Momente auffaltet und diese ins je eigene Recht bringt. Vergleichbar ist das mit dem Wachstum eines Baumes, das sich vom Stadium des Samens bis zum Stadium des voll ausgeformten Baumes erstreckt. In gewisser Weise enth&#228;lt der Samen dabei bereits Wachstum und Baum. Jedes der drei Elemente enth&#228;lt die beiden anderen, doch sie k&#246;nnen einander nur enthalten, indem sie f&#252;reinander zur&#252;cktreten. Der Samen mu&#223; sich ins Wachstum aufheben lassen und das Wachstum f&#252;gt sich in den reifen Baum.&#8220;<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-4" href="#footnote-4" target="_self">4</a><br><br>Dieses Zitat ist lupenreiner Hegelianismus und selbst das Beispiel ist dem von Knospe, Bl&#252;te und Frucht aus der Vorrede zur &#8222;Ph&#228;nomenologie des Geistes&#8220; nachempfunden.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-5" href="#footnote-5" target="_self">5</a></p><p>Doch jenseits geistesgeschichtlicher Ahnenforschung: Nur so kann &#252;berhaupt eine Bewegung verstanden werden, die in historischen Umbr&#252;chen zu leben und zu k&#228;mpfen hat. Hegels Denken w&#228;re nie zu dem geworden, was es war, wenn Hegel die franz&#246;sische Revolution und die napoleonischen Kriege nicht durchlebt h&#228;tte, und der junge Hegel, der in T&#252;bingen einen Freiheitsbaum pflanzte, h&#228;tte sich wohl &#252;ber den Staatsdenker der preu&#223;ischen Monarchie gewundert. Dennoch ist das ein Leben und ein Denkweg.</p><p>Wir leben mitten in einer Umbruchszeit, und das hei&#223;t, da&#223; auch unsere Rolle in dieser Zeit uns selbst noch gar nicht vollkommen klar sein kann. In dieser werdenden Bewegung, als die Illner die Rechte fa&#223;t, steht dann sein verbundenes Gegensatzpaar von tiefer und flacher Rechter. L&#228;ge die Rechte als gewordenes, Hegelianisch gesprochen als totes Resultat vor uns, dann w&#228;re diese Unterscheidung hinf&#228;llig, beziehungsweise dann w&#228;re sie sehr flach. Es g&#228;be dann nur unterschiedliche Grade des Verstehens dieses Ph&#228;nomens der Rechten, so wie es Popul&#228;rwissenschaft und Fachwissenschaft gibt.</p><p>Weil aber die Rechte am Werden ist, stellt sich die Lage so dar, da&#223; sie sich auf der einen Seite mit ihrem Tagesgesch&#228;ft zu befassen hat, auf der anderen Seite aber mit den Zielen und Gr&#252;nden. Illner spricht sogar von den letzten Dingen. Diese letzten Dinge m&#252;ssen nun vor dem L&#228;rm des Tages bewahrt werden, und umgekehrt darf das Werk des Tages nicht unter dem Gr&#252;beln &#252;ber die letzten Dinge ersticken. Gleichzeitig soll das tiefe Denken nicht wirklichkeitsfremd und der Blick auf das Oberfl&#228;chliche nicht banal sein. Ein klassisches Problem der Einheit von Identit&#228;t und Unterschied.</p><p>Und Illner hat recht: Aufgehoben werden kann es nur durch eine Gef&#228;hrtenschaft, Gemeinschaft, Szene, Lager, nehmen wir von mir aus den sterilen soziologischen Begriff des Milieus. In einem solchen gemeinsamen Rahmen k&#246;nnen Dinge, die aus der Tiefe stammen, zu Voraussetzungen, zu Selbstverst&#228;ndlichkeiten, auch einfach zu Gewohnheiten werden. Umgekehrt verhindert die Anbindung an ein Gemeinsames, da&#223; der Denker in die Nabelschau der eigenen Gedankenwelt abdriftet.</p><p>Die gute Nachricht ist, da&#223; die rechte Szene, Gemeinschaft, Gef&#228;hrtenschaft, wie immer man es nennen mag, der letzten 10 bis 20 Jahre diese Aufhebung zwischen flach und tief im Wesentlichen geleistet hat. Nur ist dies der Zeitpunkt, uns noch einmal mit den Worten flach und tief auseinanderzusetzen.</p><p>[F&#252;r den zweiten Teil abonnieren Sie bitte &#8222;Fragen zur Zeit&#8220;. Ein Vollabonnement kostet nur 7 Euro im Monat, und man braucht keine Kreditkarte mehr. Ich schreibe das nun hier extra hin, weil mir immer wieder Leute kommen, die meinen, nur weil ich die Bezahlschranke nicht nach den ersten f&#252;nf Zeilen setze, sei der Text zu Ende.]<br></p>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Audiotext: Rückblick vom Rauros]]></title><description><![CDATA[Christian Illners &#8222;Die Tiefe Rechte&#8220;: F&#252;r so ein kleines B&#252;chlein ist es sehr schwer, der tiefen Rechten gerecht zu werden.]]></description><link>https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/p/audiotext-ruckblick-vom-rauros</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/p/audiotext-ruckblick-vom-rauros</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Johannes Konstantin Poensgen]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 01 Sep 2026 18:21:27 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/213748032/794fe1e23822115166262126c1a28925.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Christian Illners &#8222;Die Tiefe Rechte&#8220;: F&#252;r so ein kleines B&#252;chlein ist es sehr schwer, der tiefen Rechten gerecht zu werden.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" 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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[A Retrospective from Rauros]]></title><description><![CDATA[Christian Illner&#8217;s Die Tiefe Rechte: For such a small book, it is very difficult to do justice to this deep Right.]]></description><link>https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/p/a-retrospective-from-rauros</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/p/a-retrospective-from-rauros</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Johannes Konstantin Poensgen]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 01 Sep 2026 18:21:21 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E4nB!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b8c2567-8d8e-4f9b-aaa9-415d1c4865ab_1600x900.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Christian Illner&#8217;s Die Tiefe Rechte: For such a small book, it is very difficult to do justice to this deep Right.<br></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E4nB!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b8c2567-8d8e-4f9b-aaa9-415d1c4865ab_1600x900.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E4nB!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b8c2567-8d8e-4f9b-aaa9-415d1c4865ab_1600x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E4nB!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b8c2567-8d8e-4f9b-aaa9-415d1c4865ab_1600x900.png 848w, 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href="https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/subscribe?"><span>Jetzt abonnieren</span></a></p><p>Christian Illner has thereby earned praise and admiration just as honestly as he has earned scorn and hatred. That is very rare. I have never encountered this absurd contrast in any other book. It often happens that an author overreaches himself, going beyond the limits of his knowledge after a work that is only half successful, or attempts to milk conclusions from his material that the material simply does not support. Neither of these would be anything special, but Illner can&#8217;t be accused of either. The reason for this juxtaposition of clarity and obscurantism, goodness and poison, lies in Hegel&#8217;s dictum that the owl of Minerva begins its flight only at dusk, a dictum that became a curse to more than one thinker. Next week we will discuss another thinker here, for whom this became his fate in a completely different way and on entirely different historical dimensions: Robert Filmer. Filmer&#8217;s tragedy lies in the fact that he wrote at the end of 5,000 years of agrarian high culture, shortly before the Industrial Revolution rendered obsolete his historical derivation of royal authority from paternal authority, a theory against which John Locke&#8217;s polemic remained merely a battle against a straw man.</p><p>Illner, like all of us at present, stands at the temporal dividing line of a political movement. Future intellectual historians will presumably be left standing rather confused before this book and the reactions to it if they are not familiar with the details of every single year, perhaps even individual months. In this respect, at least, Die Tiefe Rechte has something in common with quite a few books of the 1920s.</p><p>So what is the bone of contention?</p><p>It is that Illner presents as a demand for the future what ought to have been an ordering retrospective. An imperious, commanding tone jars at a place that should have been reserved for remembrance, understanding, and also forgiveness. What Illner has now, as it has reached the end of its natural development, called the fellowship, we have lived.</p><p>But let us begin at the beginning:</p><p>Illner wants to show ways of living together within the Right.</p><p>To this end, he asks what the Right actually is, rejects this question, and replaces it with the question of who the Right is. The answer: We. We are the Right. That is, those who were &#8220;put into the right-wing corner&#8221; and then step into this existence as Rightists. That seems insane. Illner refuses to give the Right any content, and yet we are supposed to be the Right? If he does not say what, precisely, is right-wing, how are we then supposed to say who is right-wing?</p><p>The riddle resolves itself once one understands that throughout the book Illner consistently projects a contemplation of the past into the future as a demand. Illner&#8217;s right-wing &#8220;we&#8221; already exists. It is a group of people who have traveled a common path over the past ten to twenty years as a right-wing fellowship. In retrospect, we can say who belongs here and who does not. Whoever was there, was there. It is that simple.</p><p>The number of fellows in question is also quite manageable. There are a little more than nine, but the fact that this fellowship could exist in this form was due in large part to the fact that the number of all the reasonably relevant people fell within Dunbar&#8217;s number. It would be very difficult to find two people who were ever involved and who are separated by more than a single mutual acquaintance.</p><p>This fellowship is defined by its shared past. It requires neither a shared worldview nor, least of all, a common programme. It arises through a shared history even if, since then, people have become divided over matters of substance or even personally hate one another. Both of these things have happened often enough within this fellowship. This determination by a shared past, however, naturally works only in retrospect, never when looking toward the future. It is a question of perspective. And the temporal perspectives are both views from the present: one forward, the other backward.</p><p>It is actually very simple: There are two non-biological forms of determining a &#8220;we.&#8221; One looks to the future and rests upon common goals. The other looks to the past and rests upon a shared history. The biological &#8220;we&#8221; is a separate matter; it is more than a mere reproductive community, but that would take us too far afield here.</p><p>Illner pits the &#8220;we&#8221; of the shared past, in his words the &#8220;actually existing right-wing fellowship&#8221;<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="#footnote-1" target="_self">1</a>, against the &#8220;we&#8221; of the shared future. Illner does not accept the latter as a &#8220;we&#8221; at all. On the contrary: To him it is a trick by which the individual attempts to emancipate himself from the &#8220;we.&#8221;</p><p>&#8220;Through this maneuver, the individual Rightist emancipates himself from the claims of a right-wing &#8216;we&#8217; and gains the freedom to choose a &#8216;we&#8217; according to his own interests. Identity, however, is unchosen at its innermost core: one must already be someone, possess qualities and a will, in order to be able to choose at all. Identity therefore precedes the choice of identity, guides it, and binds it back to itself.&#8221;<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-2" href="#footnote-2" target="_self">2</a></p><p>That is indeed true. Illner describes here, entirely correctly, the &#8220;we&#8221; in the present between past and future. Every &#8220;we&#8221; has an origin, and if it is to remain a &#8220;we,&#8221; then it needs a future. Anyone who has ever been part of a fellowship in the literal sense knows this: a group that sets out on a journey together. The fellowship exists, on the one hand, through the path traveled together thus far. From this perspective, goals are irrelevant. One may even have become lost together. At the same time, the fellowship exists through the common goal. What bothers Illner is that the future of the fellowship is not fixed as irrevocably as its past. That is simply the nature of past and future. Someone who suddenly decides, while standing on a cold road in the rain, that he would rather be at home is nevertheless still standing on a cold road in the rain. But he can decide not to continue with the others. Or he can decide to go somewhere else. Not to this summit, but to that one. Whether it is justifiable simply to leave in a particular situation is another matter. But even the question of who leaves whom behind, or indeed abandons whom, is, beyond the metaphors, not quite so simple.</p><p>But Illner does not want the fellowship to be capable of breaking apart. &#8220;Whoever wants to participate must now begin to internalize the fellowship and regard himself as part of it. There is no place here for a denial of the right-wing &#8216;we.&#8217; It must become unassailable.&#8221;<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-3" href="#footnote-3" target="_self">3</a> That is his demand. Yet only the past is unassailable. Whoever wants an unassailable fellowship gets a fossil.</p><p>The fellowship cannot be unassailable if it is to fulfill the other demand Illner makes of it: that of openness. Illner sees that the Right does have goals, above all negative goals, such as stopping the Great Replacement. But it could not agree upon a common final goal. He does not see this emptiness as a space into which he himself would now have to insert a blueprint, which would then have to be imposed upon everyone else, but as an openness toward the future that is yet to come. This is one of the two great strengths of Illner&#8217;s thinking: that here, more a disciple of Hegel than of Heidegger, he understands that the true is the whole, and indeed the whole in time:</p><p>&#8220;The fellowship is its own beginning, its own path, and its own goal all at once. Yet instead of conflating these three states into a single indistinguishable whole, this trinity directs the fellowship by unfolding its temporal moments and bringing each into its own proper right. This can be compared to the growth of a tree, which extends from the stage of the seed to that of the fully formed tree. In a certain sense, the seed already contains growth and tree. Each of the three elements contains the other two, yet they can contain one another only by stepping back for one another. The seed must allow itself to be sublated into growth, and growth fits itself into the mature tree.&#8221;<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-4" href="#footnote-4" target="_self">4</a></p><p>This quotation is pure Hegelianism, and even the example is modeled on that of bud, blossom, and fruit from the Preface to the Phenomenology of Spirit.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-5" href="#footnote-5" target="_self">5</a></p><p>But beyond intellectual-historical genealogies: this is the only way a movement can be understood at all if it has to live and fight through historical upheavals. Hegel&#8217;s thought would never have become what it was if Hegel had not lived through the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars, and the young Hegel, who planted a tree of liberty in T&#252;bingen, would probably have been surprised by the state thinker of the Prussian monarchy. Nevertheless, it is one life and one intellectual path.</p><p>We are living in the midst of a period of upheaval, and that means that our own role in this period cannot yet be entirely clear even to ourselves. Within this movement in the process of becoming, which Illner conceives the Right to be, stands his paired opposition of the deep and the shallow Right. If the Right lay before us as something already formed, as a dead result, in Hegelian terms, then this distinction would be pointless; or rather, it would then be very shallow. There would only be different degrees of understanding of the phenomenon of the Right, just as there are popular science and academic science.</p><p>But because the Right is in the process of becoming, the situation is that on the one hand it has to deal with the business of the day, while on the other it has to deal with goals and reasons. Illner even speaks of ultimate things. These ultimate things must now be protected from the noise of the day, while conversely the work of the day must not be suffocated by brooding over ultimate things. At the same time, deep thought should not become detached from reality, and the view of the superficial should not become banal. A classic problem of the unity of identity and difference.</p><p>And Illner is right: it can only be sublated through a fellowship, community, scene, camp, let us use, if we must, the sterile sociological term &#8220;milieu.&#8221; Within such a common framework, things that originate in the depths can become prerequisites, self-evident assumptions, or simply habits. Conversely, attachment to something shared prevents the thinker from drifting into navel-gazing within his own world of ideas.</p><p>The good news is that the right-wing scene, community, fellowship, whatever one wishes to call it, of the last ten to twenty years has, by and large, accomplished this sublation between shallow and deep. But this is precisely the moment to engage once more with the words &#8220;shallow&#8221; and &#8220;deep.&#8221;</p><p>[For the second part, please subscribe to <em>Fragen zur Zeit</em>. A full subscription costs only &#8364;7 a month, and you no longer need a credit card. I am writing this explicitly here because people keep coming to me who think that, simply because I do not put the paywall up after the first five lines, the text must already be over.]</p><p></p>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Einer Leiche macht man keinen Prozeß]]></title><description><![CDATA[Die Universit&#228;t Cambridge hat noch einmal Gl&#252;ck gehabt.]]></description><link>https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/p/einer-leiche-macht-man-keinen-proze</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/p/einer-leiche-macht-man-keinen-proze</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Johannes Konstantin Poensgen]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 15 Aug 2026 18:51:30 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVFw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21f348c3-90b0-445c-bef9-cf4299e12ebd_1600x900.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Die Universit&#228;t Cambridge hat noch einmal Gl&#252;ck gehabt. Jason Arday ist tot. Wahrscheinlich Selbstmord. Statt Untersuchungen gibt es nun eine M&#228;rtyrergeschichte.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVFw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21f348c3-90b0-445c-bef9-cf4299e12ebd_1600x900.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVFw!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21f348c3-90b0-445c-bef9-cf4299e12ebd_1600x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVFw!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21f348c3-90b0-445c-bef9-cf4299e12ebd_1600x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVFw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21f348c3-90b0-445c-bef9-cf4299e12ebd_1600x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVFw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21f348c3-90b0-445c-bef9-cf4299e12ebd_1600x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVFw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21f348c3-90b0-445c-bef9-cf4299e12ebd_1600x900.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/21f348c3-90b0-445c-bef9-cf4299e12ebd_1600x900.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1088687,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/i/211333090?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21f348c3-90b0-445c-bef9-cf4299e12ebd_1600x900.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVFw!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21f348c3-90b0-445c-bef9-cf4299e12ebd_1600x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVFw!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21f348c3-90b0-445c-bef9-cf4299e12ebd_1600x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVFw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21f348c3-90b0-445c-bef9-cf4299e12ebd_1600x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVFw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21f348c3-90b0-445c-bef9-cf4299e12ebd_1600x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>(Jason Arday 2024: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jason_Arday_2024_(uncropped).jpg">ConiferousForest19</a>, <a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en">CC0</a>, via Wikimedia Commons)</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Jetzt abonnieren&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/subscribe?"><span>Jetzt abonnieren</span></a></p><p>Um es den tr&#228;nendr&#252;ckenden Heuchlern gleich ins Gesicht zu sagen: Jason Arday hat seinen Lebensweg und seine Leistungen so dreist zusammengelogen, da&#223; er nicht mal in der AfD Nordrhein-Westfalen aufgenommen worden w&#228;re. Die Copy-Paste-Dissertation dieses Dr. Summa Cum Fraude ist da nur die Kirsche auf der Torte. Die L&#252;gengeschichten reichen von angeblichen sportlichen Spitzenleistungen (30 Marathonl&#228;ufe in 35 Tagen) bis hin zu den Banalit&#228;ten seines Lebenslaufes. Nathan Cofnas<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="#footnote-1" target="_self">1</a> und Edward Dutton<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-2" href="#footnote-2" target="_self">2</a> haben zu diesem Thema alles gesagt, was es zu sagen gibt.</p><p>Das l&#228;&#223;t nur zwei Deutungen der Lebensgeschichte Ardays zu: Entweder er war ein skrupelloser Betr&#252;ger. In dem Falle m&#252;ssen uns seine Angeh&#246;rigen leidtun, vor allem die beiden Kinder, die er zur&#252;ckl&#228;&#223;t. Er selbst kann dann wirklich nur sehr bedingtes Mitleid erwarten. Oder aber er war psychisch so labil, da&#223; man ihn bez&#252;glich seiner Betr&#252;gereien als schuldunf&#228;hig zu betrachten h&#228;tte. Auf letzteres wollte bereits vor zwei Wochen Ardays Cambridge-Kollege Professor Simon Baron-Cohen hinaus: &#8222;We should of course always investigate plagiarism to protect academic standards. However, I cannot stand by and watch when an autistic man is on the ground and the kicking continues.&#8220;<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-3" href="#footnote-3" target="_self">3</a></p><p>Nun, wenn das der Fall sein sollte, dann liegt die moralische Verantwortung allein bei den Herrschaften in Cambridge, Simon Baron-Cohen und Kollegen, die sich in diesem Falle einen psychisch Kranken als Diversity Hire gehalten h&#228;tten. Verantwortlich sind sie aber so oder so. Die einzige Frage ist, ob der Betrug auch Jason Arday selbst zurechenbar ist und das obliegt nun keinem irdischen Richter mehr. Da&#223; Jason Arday ein Diversity Hire war, daran gab es nicht den geringsten Zweifel. In der Mitteilung der Universit&#228;t Cambridge &#252;ber die Einstellung Ardays als Professor lautet der erste Satz: &#8222;Arday is a highly respected scholar of race, inequality and education, with a particular interest in improving the representation of Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic people in higher education.&#8220;<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-4" href="#footnote-4" target="_self">4</a></p><p>Nur, um eine Sache gleich klarzustellen: &#8222;improving the representation of Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic people&#8220; hei&#223;t nichts anderes, als da&#223; diese Leute trotz niedriger Leistungen Studienpl&#228;tze und irgendwann auch Lehrst&#252;hle erhalten, die sonst an Wei&#223;e gegangen w&#228;ren. Wie Versicherungsbetrug oder Steuerhinterziehung ist auch Diversity, Equity and Inclusion kein opferloses Verbrechen, nur weil man die Opfer nicht sieht. Das sind echte Lebenswege von echten Menschen, die dadurch zerschlagen wurden und werden. Jacob Savage hat die Sch&#228;den zur Gen&#252;ge aufgez&#228;hlt. F&#252;r viele wei&#223;e M&#228;nner der Millenialgeneration sind diese Sch&#228;den auch nie wieder gutzumachen. Das Leben ist weitergegangen und die Zeit in der sie ihren Durchbruch h&#228;tten haben m&#252;ssen, ist verstrichen.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-5" href="#footnote-5" target="_self">5</a> Und da sind wir noch nicht bei denjenigen, wie Nathan Cofnas, die es trotzdem geschafft haben und dann gecancelt wurden.</p><p>Da&#223; genau diejenigen, die den Mob an der Universit&#228;t als politisches Engagement gefeiert haben, sich &#252;ber eine Rufmordkampagne aufregen, ist das eine. W&#228;re Arday ein gerissener Betr&#252;ger gewesen, ein moderner Comte de Saint Germain, der die kl&#252;gsten K&#246;pfe seiner Zeit an der Nase herumf&#252;hrt, dann w&#228;re das Gegreine seiner Unterst&#252;tzer einfach peinlich. Wenn man aber begreift, da&#223; all diese Leute gewu&#223;t haben m&#252;ssen, was es mit Ardays angeblichen Leistungen auf sich hatte, und daran gibt es nach den Ver&#246;ffentlichungen durch Nathan Cofnas keinen Zweifel mehr, dann erh&#228;lt es auf einmal eine sehr finstere Note.</p><p>Man mu&#223; hier zwischen Ardays Familie und seinen Kollegen unterscheiden. Auch wenn beide das gleiche behaupten, n&#228;mlich, da&#223; Arday durch eine L&#252;genkampagne in den Tod getrieben wurde. Sofern es die Familie betrifft, mu&#223; man ihnen das Recht auf eine Lebensl&#252;ge zugestehen. Insbesondere, da Arday zwei Kinder hinterl&#228;&#223;t. Soll man denen jetzt sagen: &#8222;Euer Vater war ein Betr&#252;ger und ein Narzi&#223;t, und als sein Betrug aufgeflogen ist, hat er sich umgebracht?&#8220; Ich denke, diese Frage beantwortet sich von selbst.</p><p>Etwas ganz anderes ist es bei Ardays akademischen Kollegen. Die BBC hat ein Video eines solchen Mannes ver&#246;ffentlicht, bei dem sich einem der Magen umdreht. Merkw&#252;rdigerweise mit Gesicht, aber ohne Namen. Dieser Mann tritt als pers&#246;nlicher Freund auf, der mit Arday bis kurz vor seinem Tod in Kontakt war, und erz&#228;hlt uns, wie die Kampagne gegen ihn Arday mitgenommen habe und wie schlimm der Presserummel gewesen sei. Da&#223; auch er selbst um die hundert Presseanfragen erhalten habe, ob er Ardays Lebenslauf kommentieren k&#246;nnte.</p><p>Wie w&#228;re es, wenn der Herr genau damit einmal anf&#228;ngt? Wir d&#252;rfen diesen Gestalten nicht zugestehen, sich in der Pose trauernder Freunde und Kollegen zu verschanzen. In Cambridge hat man von Ardays Betr&#252;gereien gewu&#223;t, und man hat sie gedeckt. Die Leute, die jetzt Trauer tragen, sind auch die gro&#223;en Profiteure von Ardays Tod. Denn einer Leiche macht man keinen Proze&#223; mehr. Und wo kein Prozess, da bleiben auch die anderen Leichen in ihren Kellern.</p><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-1" href="#footnote-anchor-1" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">1</a><div class="footnote-content"><p><a href="https://ncofnas.com/p/dei-fraud-and-cover-up-at-cambridge">Cofnas, Nathan (2026) DEI Fraud and Cover-Up at Cambridge.</a></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-2" href="#footnote-anchor-2" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">2</a><div class="footnote-content"><p><a href="https://www.jollyheretic.com/p/exposed-the-jason-arday-lies-the">Dutton, Edward (2026): &#8288;EXPOSED: The Jason Arday lies the media didn&#8217;t tell you about. </a></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-3" href="#footnote-anchor-3" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">3</a><div class="footnote-content"><p><a href="https://x.com/sbaroncohen/status/2083151353514242459">Baron-Cohen, Simon (2026): Tweet vom 31. Juli 2026 1:22 nachm.</a></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-4" href="#footnote-anchor-4" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">4</a><div class="footnote-content"><p><a href="https://news.educ.cam.ac.uk/230223-jason-arday">University of Cambridge (2023): J<span>ason Arday</span> appointed <span>Professor of Sociology of Education</span> at University of Cambridge.</a></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-5" href="#footnote-anchor-5" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">5</a><div class="footnote-content"><p><a href="https://www.compactmag.com/article/the-lost-generation/">Savage, Jacob (2025): The Lost Generation.</a></p></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Audiotext: Einer Leiche macht man keinen Prozeß]]></title><description><![CDATA[Die Universit&#228;t Cambridge hat noch einmal Gl&#252;ck gehabt.]]></description><link>https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/p/audiotext-einer-leiche-macht-man</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/p/audiotext-einer-leiche-macht-man</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Johannes Konstantin Poensgen]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 15 Aug 2026 18:51:16 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/211336827/4af5f12671d411bff4fd579cb8b1c880.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Die Universit&#228;t Cambridge hat noch einmal Gl&#252;ck gehabt. Jason Arday ist tot. Wahrscheinlich Selbstmord. Statt Untersuchungen gibt es nun eine M&#228;rtyrergeschichte.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVFw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21f348c3-90b0-445c-bef9-cf4299e12ebd_1600x900.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVFw!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21f348c3-90b0-445c-bef9-cf4299e12ebd_1600x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVFw!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21f348c3-90b0-445c-bef9-cf4299e12ebd_1600x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVFw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21f348c3-90b0-445c-bef9-cf4299e12ebd_1600x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVFw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21f348c3-90b0-445c-bef9-cf4299e12ebd_1600x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVFw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21f348c3-90b0-445c-bef9-cf4299e12ebd_1600x900.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/21f348c3-90b0-445c-bef9-cf4299e12ebd_1600x900.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1088687,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/i/211333090?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21f348c3-90b0-445c-bef9-cf4299e12ebd_1600x900.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVFw!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21f348c3-90b0-445c-bef9-cf4299e12ebd_1600x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVFw!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21f348c3-90b0-445c-bef9-cf4299e12ebd_1600x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVFw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21f348c3-90b0-445c-bef9-cf4299e12ebd_1600x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVFw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21f348c3-90b0-445c-bef9-cf4299e12ebd_1600x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>(Jason Arday 2024: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jason_Arday_2024_(uncropped).jpg">ConiferousForest19</a>, <a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en">CC0</a>, via Wikimedia Commons)</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Jetzt abonnieren&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/subscribe?"><span>Jetzt abonnieren</span></a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[You Do Not Put a Corpse on Trial]]></title><description><![CDATA[The University of Cambridge got lucky.]]></description><link>https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/p/you-do-not-put-a-corpse-on-trial</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/p/you-do-not-put-a-corpse-on-trial</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Johannes Konstantin Poensgen]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 15 Aug 2026 18:49:45 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVFw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21f348c3-90b0-445c-bef9-cf4299e12ebd_1600x900.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The University of Cambridge got lucky. Jason Arday is dead. Most likely suicide. Instead of investigations, there will now be a martyr story.<br></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVFw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21f348c3-90b0-445c-bef9-cf4299e12ebd_1600x900.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVFw!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21f348c3-90b0-445c-bef9-cf4299e12ebd_1600x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVFw!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21f348c3-90b0-445c-bef9-cf4299e12ebd_1600x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVFw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21f348c3-90b0-445c-bef9-cf4299e12ebd_1600x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVFw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21f348c3-90b0-445c-bef9-cf4299e12ebd_1600x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVFw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21f348c3-90b0-445c-bef9-cf4299e12ebd_1600x900.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/21f348c3-90b0-445c-bef9-cf4299e12ebd_1600x900.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1088687,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/i/211333090?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21f348c3-90b0-445c-bef9-cf4299e12ebd_1600x900.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVFw!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21f348c3-90b0-445c-bef9-cf4299e12ebd_1600x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVFw!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21f348c3-90b0-445c-bef9-cf4299e12ebd_1600x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVFw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21f348c3-90b0-445c-bef9-cf4299e12ebd_1600x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVFw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21f348c3-90b0-445c-bef9-cf4299e12ebd_1600x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>(Jason Arday 2024: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jason_Arday_2024_(uncropped).jpg">ConiferousForest19</a>, <a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en">CC0</a>, via Wikimedia Commons)</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Jetzt abonnieren&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/subscribe?"><span>Jetzt abonnieren</span></a></p><p>Let me say it straight to the tearful hypocrites: Jason Arday lied so brazenly about his life story and his achievements that he would not even have been admitted to the North Rhine-Westphalia branch of the AfD. The copy-and-paste dissertation of this Dr. Summa Cum Fraude is merely the cherry on top. The lies range from alleged sporting achievements (30 marathons in 35 days) to the banalities of his CV. Nathan Cofnas<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="#footnote-1" target="_self">1</a> and Edward Dutton<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-2" href="#footnote-2" target="_self">2</a> have said everything there is to say on this subject.</p><p>This leaves only two possible interpretations of Arday&#8217;s life story: either he was a ruthless fraud. In that case, we must feel sorry for his relatives, above all the two children he leaves behind. He himself can then expect very little sympathy indeed. Or he was so psychologically unstable that he should have been regarded as legally incapable of being held responsible for his fraud. Professor Simon Baron-Cohen, Arday&#8217;s Cambridge colleague, was already pointing towards the latter interpretation two weeks ago: &#8220;We should of course always investigate plagiarism to protect academic standards. However, I cannot stand by and watch when an autistic man is on the ground and the kicking continues.&#8221;<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-3" href="#footnote-3" target="_self">3</a></p><p>Now, if that is the case, then the moral responsibility lies solely with the people at Cambridge, Simon Baron-Cohen and his colleagues, who in that case would have kept a mentally ill person as a diversity hire. But they are responsible either way. The only question is whether Jason Arday himself is culpable of the fraud committed and this question is no longer under the jurisdiction of any earthly judge. There was not the slightest doubt that he was a diversity hire. The first sentence of the University of Cambridge&#8217;s announcement of Arday&#8217;s appointment as a professor reads: &#8220;Arday is a highly respected scholar of race, inequality and education, with a particular interest in improving the representation of Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic people in higher education.&#8221;<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-4" href="#footnote-4" target="_self">4</a></p><p>Just to make one thing clear from the outset: &#8220;improving the representation of Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic people&#8221; means nothing other than that these people receive places at universities and eventually professorships despite lower levels of performance, positions that would otherwise have gone to white people. Like insurance fraud or tax evasion, Diversity, Equity and Inclusion is not a victimless crime simply because the victims are not visible. These are real lives of real people that have been shattered and continue to be shattered as a result. Jacob Savage has listed the damage in sufficient detail.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-5" href="#footnote-5" target="_self">5</a> For many white men of the Millennial generation, this damage can never be repaired. Life has moved on, and the period in which they would have had to make their breakthrough has passed. And we have not even got to those like Nathan Cofnas who nevertheless made it and were then cancelled.</p><p>The fact that precisely those who celebrated the mob at the university as political engagement are now complaining about a smear campaign is one thing. Had Arday been a cunning fraudster, a modern-day Comte de Saint Germain leading the cleverest minds of his time by the nose, then the whining of his supporters would simply be embarrassing. But once one understands that all these people must have known what was really behind Arday&#8217;s alleged achievements, and after Nathan Cofnas&#8217;s publications, there can no longer be any doubt about that, it suddenly takes on a very sinister character.</p><p>Here, one has to distinguish between Arday&#8217;s family and his colleagues. Even though both make the same claim, namely that Arday was driven to his death by a campaign of lies, the two cases are not the same. As far as his family is concerned, one has to grant them the right to maintain a comforting lie about his life. Particularly since Arday leaves behind two children. Should one now tell them: &#8220;Your father was a fraud and a narcissist, and when his fraud was exposed, he killed himself?&#8221; I think that question answers itself.</p><p>It is an entirely different matter when it comes to Arday&#8217;s academic colleagues. The BBC has published a video featuring one such man, that is nauseating. Strangely enough, his face is shown, but his name is not given. This man presents himself as a personal friend who was in contact with Arday until shortly before his death, and tells us how the campaign against him affected Arday and how terrible the media frenzy was. He also tells us that he himself received around a hundred press inquiries asking whether he could comment on Arday&#8217;s CV.</p><p>How about the gentleman starts with precisely that? We must not allow these people to hide behind the pose of grieving friends and colleagues. At Cambridge, people knew about Arday&#8217;s fraud, and they covered it up. The people who are grieving now are also the great beneficiaries of Arday&#8217;s death. Because you do not put a corpse on trial. And where there is no trial, the other corpses remain in their closets as well.</p><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-1" href="#footnote-anchor-1" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">1</a><div class="footnote-content"><p><a href="https://ncofnas.com/p/dei-fraud-and-cover-up-at-cambridge">Cofnas, Nathan (2026) DEI Fraud and Cover-Up at Cambridge.</a></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-2" href="#footnote-anchor-2" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">2</a><div class="footnote-content"><p><a href="https://www.jollyheretic.com/p/exposed-the-jason-arday-lies-the">Dutton, Edward (2026): &#8288;EXPOSED: The Jason Arday lies the media didn&#8217;t tell you about. </a></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-3" href="#footnote-anchor-3" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">3</a><div class="footnote-content"><p><a href="https://x.com/sbaroncohen/status/2083151353514242459">Baron-Cohen, Simon (2026): Tweet from July 31 2026 1:22 pm.</a></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-4" href="#footnote-anchor-4" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">4</a><div class="footnote-content"><p><a href="https://news.educ.cam.ac.uk/230223-jason-arday">University of Cambridge (2023): Jason Arday appointed Professor of Sociology of Education at University of Cambridge.</a></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-5" href="#footnote-anchor-5" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">5</a><div class="footnote-content"><p><a href="https://www.compactmag.com/article/the-lost-generation/">Savage, Jacob (2025): The Lost Generation.</a></p></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Gedankensplitter (78): Realismus und Egokompensation]]></title><description><![CDATA[Da&#223; politische Realisten sich mit fremden M&#228;chten identifizieren scheint ein Widerspruch.]]></description><link>https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/p/gedankensplitter-77-realismus-und</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/p/gedankensplitter-77-realismus-und</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Johannes Konstantin Poensgen]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 13 Aug 2026 18:29:32 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/211076813/60b514e8c014be8bb17dd47b7fc8297e.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Da&#223; politische Realisten sich mit fremden M&#228;chten identifizieren scheint ein Widerspruch. Doch psychologisch ist es sehr verst&#228;ndlich.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qSlL!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46a56ffd-09d2-4b98-9256-7ccad8abc7af_1600x900.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qSlL!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46a56ffd-09d2-4b98-9256-7ccad8abc7af_1600x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qSlL!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46a56ffd-09d2-4b98-9256-7ccad8abc7af_1600x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qSlL!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46a56ffd-09d2-4b98-9256-7ccad8abc7af_1600x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qSlL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46a56ffd-09d2-4b98-9256-7ccad8abc7af_1600x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qSlL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46a56ffd-09d2-4b98-9256-7ccad8abc7af_1600x900.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/46a56ffd-09d2-4b98-9256-7ccad8abc7af_1600x900.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2865523,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/i/211076813?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46a56ffd-09d2-4b98-9256-7ccad8abc7af_1600x900.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qSlL!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46a56ffd-09d2-4b98-9256-7ccad8abc7af_1600x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qSlL!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46a56ffd-09d2-4b98-9256-7ccad8abc7af_1600x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qSlL!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46a56ffd-09d2-4b98-9256-7ccad8abc7af_1600x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qSlL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46a56ffd-09d2-4b98-9256-7ccad8abc7af_1600x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>(Napoleon &#252;berquert die Alpen: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bonaparte_Grand_Saint_Bernard_5th_version.jpg">Atelier de Jacques-Louis David</a>, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons)<br></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Jetzt abonnieren&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/subscribe?"><span>Jetzt abonnieren</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Wie groß ist das Remigrationszelt?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Die Besetzung von Ceuta versch&#228;rft die Frage: Innen- vor Au&#223;enpolitik oder Au&#223;en- vor Innenpolitik?]]></description><link>https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/p/wie-gro-ist-das-remigrationszelt</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/p/wie-gro-ist-das-remigrationszelt</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Johannes Konstantin Poensgen]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 05 Aug 2026 17:30:46 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0k3p!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff91e4656-065e-4c1b-afe9-92e48d86084d_1600x900.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Die Besetzung von Ceuta versch&#228;rft die Frage: Innen- vor Au&#223;enpolitik oder Au&#223;en- vor Innenpolitik? Es ist die falsche Frage.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0k3p!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff91e4656-065e-4c1b-afe9-92e48d86084d_1600x900.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0k3p!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff91e4656-065e-4c1b-afe9-92e48d86084d_1600x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0k3p!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff91e4656-065e-4c1b-afe9-92e48d86084d_1600x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0k3p!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff91e4656-065e-4c1b-afe9-92e48d86084d_1600x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0k3p!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff91e4656-065e-4c1b-afe9-92e48d86084d_1600x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0k3p!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff91e4656-065e-4c1b-afe9-92e48d86084d_1600x900.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f91e4656-065e-4c1b-afe9-92e48d86084d_1600x900.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:3103972,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/i/209953791?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff91e4656-065e-4c1b-afe9-92e48d86084d_1600x900.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0k3p!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff91e4656-065e-4c1b-afe9-92e48d86084d_1600x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0k3p!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff91e4656-065e-4c1b-afe9-92e48d86084d_1600x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0k3p!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff91e4656-065e-4c1b-afe9-92e48d86084d_1600x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0k3p!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff91e4656-065e-4c1b-afe9-92e48d86084d_1600x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>(Picture: &#169; <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Campement_-_20150802_15h44_(10723).jpg">William Crochot</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons">Creative Commons</a> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International</a>, Wikimedia Commons)</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Jetzt abonnieren&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/subscribe?"><span>Jetzt abonnieren</span></a></p><p>Die richtige Frage lautet: Wie gro&#223; ist das Spektrum sonstiger Differenzen, welches durch die Gefahr der Masseneinwanderung &#252;berbr&#252;ckt werden kann? Warum ist dies die richtige und warum ist die Frage nach dem Primat von Innen- oder Au&#223;enpolitik hier (!) die falsche Frage? Letztere ist keineswegs an sich falsch, und ja, prinzipiell gilt das Primat der Au&#223;enpolitik. Aber sie ist hier deswegen falsch, weil ein scharfer Gegensatz zwischen Au&#223;en- und Innenpolitik gegenw&#228;rtig nicht besteht.</p><p>Um das zu verdeutlichen, blicken wir auf die alte Bundesrepublik zur&#252;ck, in der es tats&#228;chlich einen solchen Gegensatz gab. Die oppositionelle Rechte hat aus innen-, letztlich kultur- und metapolitischen Gr&#252;nden die Amerikanisierung abgelehnt. Durch das B&#252;ndnis mit Amerika wurde Deutschland auch in den kulturellen Linksdrall des Amerikas der zweiten H&#228;lfte des 20. Jahrhunderts hineingezogen. Der lange Weg nach Westen f&#252;hrte nicht in eine imaginierte republikanisch-demokratische Westnormativit&#228;t, in der die Revolution von 1848 nachtr&#228;glich doch noch gegl&#252;ckt war, sondern nach Woodstock. Aber au&#223;enpolitisch waren die Vereinigten Staaten die einzige Macht, die etwas von einem wiedererstarkenden Deutschland zu hoffen, anstatt zu bef&#252;rchten hatte. Von der Wiederbewaffnung bis zur Wiedervereinigung, beides von den Amerikanern gegen unsere lieben europ&#228;ischen Vettern durchgesetzt, war die Westbindung deshalb unverzichtbar. Dieser Widerspruch hielt die oppositionelle Rechte zuverl&#228;ssig in der Bedeutungslosigkeit. Ihr blieb damals nichts au&#223;er haltlosen Phantasien &#252;ber Mitteleuropa, &#252;ber das Frankreich de Gaulles und auch deutlich absurdere B&#252;ndniskonstellationen, mit den Blockfreien, selbst mit dem verarmten Drittweltland, welches man damals noch Rotchina nannte, egal, irgendwie gegen Washington und Moskau. Dazu die Beschwerde, da&#223; Adenauer f&#252;r die Westbindung die Wiedervereinigung aufgegeben habe. Als 1990 die Wiedervereinigung durch Westbindung kam, die der &#228;ltere Bush gegen Thatcher und den Genscher offen mit Krieg bedrohenden Mitterrand durchdr&#252;ckte, war die bundesrepublikanische Rechte rechts der Union historisch widerlegt. Daran &#228;nderte auch nichts, da&#223; Kohl seine geistig-moralische Wende nie geliefert hat und das letzte Zeitfenster verstreichen lie&#223;, in dem die Zuspitzung der Massenmigration ohne Staats- und Verfassungskrise vermeidbar gewesen w&#228;re.</p><p>Das ist ein Widerspruch zwischen Innenpolitik und Au&#223;enpolitik!</p><p>Einen solchen haben wir zur Zeit nicht. Es gibt sehr unterschiedliche au&#223;enpolitische Positionen innerhalb der Rechten. Grob auseinanderhalten kann man Transatlantiker, Europ&#228;isten, Nationalstaatler, Mitteleurop&#228;isten und Eurasier. Da&#223; es f&#252;nf v&#246;llig verschiedene und gutenteils miteinander unvereinbare au&#223;enpolitische Richtungen innerhalb ein und desselben politischen Lagers gibt, ist eine Folge der &#214;ffnung des au&#223;enpolitischen M&#246;glichkeitsraumes nach dem Ende des Kalten Krieges und der darauf folgenden unipolaren Hegemoniestellung der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika. Das hei&#223;t nicht, da&#223; hier ein Buffet an gleich guten M&#246;glichkeiten vor uns liegt, an dem wir uns etwas nach unserem Geschmack aussuchen k&#246;nnen. Es gibt auch hier eindeutig bessere und schlechtere und katastrophale Optionen. Aber es herrscht nicht l&#228;nger die Eindeutigkeit des Kalten Krieges, in der die Westbindung so offenkundig alternativlos war, da&#223; alle, die das nicht einsehen wollten, durch einen gro&#223;en Konsens der nicht v&#246;llig Verr&#252;ckten von der Macht ferngehalten wurden. Man kann heute &#252;ber die au&#223;enpolitische Ausrichtung der Bundesrepublik Deutschland auch in Grundsatzfragen begr&#252;ndet unterschiedlicher Meinung sein.</p><p>Das hindert die Verfechter der unterschiedlichen Richtungen nicht daran, sich gegenseitig vorzuwerfen, da&#223; die Position des jeweils anderen unweigerlich zur Fortsetzung des Bev&#246;lkerungsaustausches f&#252;hren w&#252;rde. Diese Vorw&#252;rfe verfangen deswegen so gut, weil der Bev&#246;lkerungsaustausch in diesem Stadium &#252;berhaupt nur durch radikale Reform des Staats- und Verfassungsrechtes sowie der anh&#228;ngigen Rechtsprechung abgewendet werden kann. Mit anderen Worten: unter betr&#228;chtlichem Chaos. Damit hat die Remigrationsbewegung alle Menschen in allen Lagern gegen sich, die den Status quo inklusive seiner zum Bev&#246;lkerungsaustausch f&#252;hrenden Dynamik den Ungewi&#223;heiten und Gefahren seiner Beendigung oder gar Umkehr vorziehen. Das macht die gegenseitigen Beschuldigungen nur nicht sinnvoller.</p><p>Anstatt eines Konfliktes zwischen Au&#223;en- und Innenpolitik haben wir es mit unterschiedlichen au&#223;enpolitischen Zielsetzungen bei Personen zu tun, die dieselben bev&#246;lkerungspolitischen Ziele vertreten. Genauso, wie es sehr unterschiedliche Zielsetzungen in der Wirtschafts- oder Sozialpolitik gibt. Deshalb ist die richtige Frage: Wie gro&#223; ist das Remigrationszelt? Oder: Welche Differenzen k&#246;nnen durch das gemeinsame Ziel, den Bev&#246;lkerungsaustausch abzuwenden, &#252;berbr&#252;ckt werden?</p><p>F&#252;r diese Frage gibt es eine Reihe von Antwortversuchen.</p><p>[F&#252;r den zweiten Teil abonnieren Sie bitte &#8222;Fragen zur Zeit&#8220;. Ein Vollabonnement kostet nur 7 Euro im Monat, und man braucht keine Kreditkarte mehr. Ich schreibe das nun hier extra hin, weil immer wieder Leute glauben, nur weil ich die Bezahlschranke nicht nach den ersten f&#252;nf Zeilen setze, sei der Text zu Ende.]</p><p></p>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Audiotext: Wie groß ist das Remigrationszelt?]]></title><description><![CDATA[The occupation of Ceuta sharpens the question: Domestic policy before foreign policy, or foreign policy before domestic policy?]]></description><link>https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/p/audiotext-wie-gro-ist-das-remigrationszelt</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/p/audiotext-wie-gro-ist-das-remigrationszelt</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Johannes Konstantin Poensgen]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 05 Aug 2026 17:30:39 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/209959834/f89415fbe1908715ee65a263b30dca8e.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The occupation of Ceuta sharpens the question: Domestic policy before foreign policy, or foreign policy before domestic policy? It is the wrong question.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0k3p!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff91e4656-065e-4c1b-afe9-92e48d86084d_1600x900.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0k3p!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff91e4656-065e-4c1b-afe9-92e48d86084d_1600x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0k3p!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff91e4656-065e-4c1b-afe9-92e48d86084d_1600x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0k3p!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff91e4656-065e-4c1b-afe9-92e48d86084d_1600x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0k3p!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff91e4656-065e-4c1b-afe9-92e48d86084d_1600x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0k3p!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff91e4656-065e-4c1b-afe9-92e48d86084d_1600x900.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f91e4656-065e-4c1b-afe9-92e48d86084d_1600x900.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:3103972,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/i/209953791?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff91e4656-065e-4c1b-afe9-92e48d86084d_1600x900.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0k3p!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff91e4656-065e-4c1b-afe9-92e48d86084d_1600x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0k3p!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff91e4656-065e-4c1b-afe9-92e48d86084d_1600x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0k3p!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff91e4656-065e-4c1b-afe9-92e48d86084d_1600x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0k3p!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff91e4656-065e-4c1b-afe9-92e48d86084d_1600x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>(Bild: &#169; <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Campement_-_20150802_15h44_(10723).jpg">William Crochot</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons">Creative Commons</a> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International</a>, Wikimedia Commons)</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Jetzt abonnieren&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/subscribe?"><span>Jetzt abonnieren</span></a></p>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[How Big Is the Remigration Tent?]]></title><description><![CDATA[The occupation of Ceuta sharpens the question: Domestic policy before foreign policy, or foreign policy before domestic policy?]]></description><link>https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/p/how-large-is-the-remigration-tent</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/p/how-large-is-the-remigration-tent</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Johannes Konstantin Poensgen]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 05 Aug 2026 17:30:34 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0k3p!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff91e4656-065e-4c1b-afe9-92e48d86084d_1600x900.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The occupation of Ceuta sharpens the question: Domestic policy before foreign policy, or foreign policy before domestic policy? It is the wrong question.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0k3p!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff91e4656-065e-4c1b-afe9-92e48d86084d_1600x900.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0k3p!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff91e4656-065e-4c1b-afe9-92e48d86084d_1600x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0k3p!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff91e4656-065e-4c1b-afe9-92e48d86084d_1600x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0k3p!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff91e4656-065e-4c1b-afe9-92e48d86084d_1600x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0k3p!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff91e4656-065e-4c1b-afe9-92e48d86084d_1600x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0k3p!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff91e4656-065e-4c1b-afe9-92e48d86084d_1600x900.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f91e4656-065e-4c1b-afe9-92e48d86084d_1600x900.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:3103972,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/i/209953791?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff91e4656-065e-4c1b-afe9-92e48d86084d_1600x900.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0k3p!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff91e4656-065e-4c1b-afe9-92e48d86084d_1600x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0k3p!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff91e4656-065e-4c1b-afe9-92e48d86084d_1600x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0k3p!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff91e4656-065e-4c1b-afe9-92e48d86084d_1600x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0k3p!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff91e4656-065e-4c1b-afe9-92e48d86084d_1600x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>(Picture: &#169; <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Campement_-_20150802_15h44_(10723).jpg">William Crochot</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons">Creative Commons</a><span> </span><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International</a>, Wikimedia Commons)</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Jetzt abonnieren&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/subscribe?"><span>Jetzt abonnieren</span></a></p><p></p><p></p><p>The right question is: How broad is the spectrum of other differences that can be bridged by the danger of mass immigration? Why is this the right question, and why is the question of the primacy of domestic or foreign policy the wrong one here (!) ? The latter is by no means wrong in itself, and yes, in principle the primacy of foreign policy applies. But it is wrong here because there is currently no sharp opposition between foreign and domestic policy.</p><p>To illustrate this, let us look back at the old Federal Republic, where such an opposition did indeed exist. The oppositional Right rejected Americanization for domestic reasons, ultimately cultural and metapolitical ones. Through its alliance with America, Germany was also drawn into the cultural leftward drift of America in the second half of the twentieth century. The long road to the West did not lead into an imagined republican-democratic Western normativity, in which the Revolution of 1848 had, after all, retrospectively succeeded, but to Woodstock. Yet in foreign policy the United States was the only power that had something to hope for, rather than fear, from a resurgent Germany. From rearmament to reunification&#8212;both of them pushed through by the Americans against our dear European cousins&#8212;Westbindung was therefore indispensable. This contradiction reliably kept the oppositional Right in political irrelevance. At the time, it was left with nothing but fantasies about Central Europe, about de Gaulle&#8217;s France, and about even more absurd alliance constellations&#8212;with the Non-Aligned Movement, even with the impoverished Third World country that was then still called Red China&#8212;anything, somehow, against Washington and Moscow. Added to this was the complaint that Adenauer had sacrificed reunification for the sake of Westbindung. When reunification came in 1990 through Westbindung, which the elder Bush forced through against Thatcher and Mitterrand&#8212;who openly threatened Genscher with war&#8212;the West German Right to the right of the CDU was historically refuted. Irrespective of the fact, that Kohl never delivered his promised &#8220;spiritual and moral renewal&#8221; and allowed the last window of opportunity to pass in which the escalation of mass immigration could still have been prevented without a constitutional and state crisis.</p><p>That is a contradiction between domestic and foreign policy!</p><p>We do not have such a contradiction today. There are very different foreign-policy positions within the Right. Broadly speaking, one can distinguish Atlanticists, Europeanists, nation-statists, Central Europeanists, and Eurasians. The fact that there are five completely different and, for the most part, mutually incompatible schools of foreign policy within one and the same political camp is a consequence of the opening of the foreign-policy space of possibilities after the end of the Cold War and the subsequent unipolar hegemony of the United States. That does not mean that we are standing before a buffet of equally good options from which we can simply choose according to taste. Here too there are clearly better, worse, and catastrophic options. But the unmistakable clarity of the Cold War has disappeared&#8212;the clarity in which Westbindung was so obviously without alternative that anyone who failed to recognize this was kept away from power by a broad consensus of everyone who was not completely insane. Today one can reasonably hold different opinions about the foreign-policy orientation of the Federal Republic of Germany, even on fundamental questions.</p><p>This does not prevent the advocates of these different schools from accusing one another that the other&#8217;s position would inevitably lead to the continuation of demographic replacement. These accusations are so persuasive because, at this stage, demographic replacement can only be averted through a radical reform of constitutional law, public law, and the relevant jurisprudence. In other words: at the cost of considerable upheaval. As a result, the remigration movement has arrayed against itself all those people in every political camp who prefer the status quo&#8212;including its dynamic of demographic replacement&#8212;to the uncertainties and dangers involved in ending or even reversing it. That, however, does not make these mutual accusations any more meaningful.</p><p>Instead of a conflict between foreign and domestic policy, we are dealing with different foreign-policy objectives held by people who nevertheless share the same goals in demographic policy. Just as there are very different objectives in economic or social policy. For this the real question is: How large is the remigration tent? Or, put differently: Which differences can be bridged by the shared objective of preventing demographic replacement?</p><p>There are a number of attempts to answer this question.</p><p>[For the second part, please subscribe to <em>Fragen zur Zeit</em> A full subscription costs just &#8364;7 per month, and you no longer need a credit card. I'm spelling this out here because people keep assuming that, just because I don't put the paywall after the first five lines, the article has already ended.]</p><p></p>
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      </p>
   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Gedankensplitter (77): Zugzwang um Zugzwang]]></title><description><![CDATA[Im Kampf um die Listenaufstellung in NRW haben die Beteiligten einander von Zugzwang zu Zugzwang getrieben.]]></description><link>https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/p/gedankensplitter-77-zugzwang-um-zugzwang</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/p/gedankensplitter-77-zugzwang-um-zugzwang</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Johannes Konstantin Poensgen]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 17 Jul 2026 22:03:09 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/207484927/ab2de0428bf2567993f1d70b81197b38.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Im Kampf um die Listenaufstellung in NRW haben die Beteiligten einander von Zugzwang zu Zugzwang getrieben. Ein Lehrbeispiel politischer Strategie. </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e1pI!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fe29e58-ca38-4bbd-96ec-bb654d151c0f_1600x900.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e1pI!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fe29e58-ca38-4bbd-96ec-bb654d151c0f_1600x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e1pI!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fe29e58-ca38-4bbd-96ec-bb654d151c0f_1600x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e1pI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fe29e58-ca38-4bbd-96ec-bb654d151c0f_1600x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e1pI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fe29e58-ca38-4bbd-96ec-bb654d151c0f_1600x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e1pI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fe29e58-ca38-4bbd-96ec-bb654d151c0f_1600x900.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0fe29e58-ca38-4bbd-96ec-bb654d151c0f_1600x900.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2012490,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/i/207484927?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fe29e58-ca38-4bbd-96ec-bb654d151c0f_1600x900.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e1pI!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fe29e58-ca38-4bbd-96ec-bb654d151c0f_1600x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e1pI!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fe29e58-ca38-4bbd-96ec-bb654d151c0f_1600x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e1pI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fe29e58-ca38-4bbd-96ec-bb654d151c0f_1600x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e1pI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fe29e58-ca38-4bbd-96ec-bb654d151c0f_1600x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>(Bildmontage: Fragen zur Zeit; Alice Weidel: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2025-02-17_ARD-Wahlarena_zur_Bundestagswahl_2025_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93051.jpg">Sandro Halank</a>, Wikimedia Commons, <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>,via Wikimedia Commons; Martin Vincentz: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vincentz,_Martin_-_AfD.jpg">Blaumann2017</a>, <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>, via Wikimedia Commons; Schachbrett: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Modern_Fianchetto_Setup._Chess_game_Staunton_No._6.jpg">Wilfredor</a>, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons)</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Jetzt abonnieren&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/subscribe?"><span>Jetzt abonnieren</span></a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Gedankensplitter (76): Polnisch-Englisch-Schottische Aufklärung]]></title><description><![CDATA[Gegen die Selbstrechtfertigung aus der Geistesgeschichte.]]></description><link>https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/p/gedankensplitter-76-polnisch-englisch</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/p/gedankensplitter-76-polnisch-englisch</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Johannes Konstantin Poensgen]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 12 Jul 2026 17:26:55 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/206723513/c4bfa0908ed7da48163eb7f9a8dbd1ba.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Gegen die Selbstrechtfertigung aus der Geistesgeschichte.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eFCk!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a94816a-6a42-41ba-b157-61f33017f882_1600x900.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eFCk!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a94816a-6a42-41ba-b157-61f33017f882_1600x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eFCk!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a94816a-6a42-41ba-b157-61f33017f882_1600x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eFCk!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a94816a-6a42-41ba-b157-61f33017f882_1600x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eFCk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a94816a-6a42-41ba-b157-61f33017f882_1600x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eFCk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a94816a-6a42-41ba-b157-61f33017f882_1600x900.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5a94816a-6a42-41ba-b157-61f33017f882_1600x900.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1433135,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/i/206723513?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a94816a-6a42-41ba-b157-61f33017f882_1600x900.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eFCk!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a94816a-6a42-41ba-b157-61f33017f882_1600x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eFCk!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a94816a-6a42-41ba-b157-61f33017f882_1600x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eFCk!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a94816a-6a42-41ba-b157-61f33017f882_1600x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eFCk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a94816a-6a42-41ba-b157-61f33017f882_1600x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>(John Locke: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JohnLocke.png">Godfrey Kneller</a>, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons)</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Jetzt abonnieren&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.fragenzurzeit.de/subscribe?"><span>Jetzt abonnieren</span></a></p><p><br><br>Anlass: </p><div class="twitter-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://x.com/Kristof_Poland/status/2075864669151998341&quot;,&quot;full_text&quot;:&quot;The Anglo-Scottish Enlightenment &#8211; the real antidote to Rousseau and Voltaire\n\nThe French Enlightenment and the Anglo-Scottish Enlightenment happened simultaneously, in the same century, reading the same books, arguing about the same questions. They reached completely opposite&quot;,&quot;username&quot;:&quot;Kristof_Poland&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Krzysztof Szczawinski &#127477;&#127473;&quot;,&quot;profile_image_url&quot;:&quot;https://pbs.substack.com/profile_images/2075970604507807744/LegRtTIm_normal.jpg&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-07-11T08:47:59.000Z&quot;,&quot;photos&quot;:[{&quot;img_url&quot;:&quot;https://pbs.substack.com/media/HM7z6XmXIAAMN8i.jpg&quot;,&quot;link_url&quot;:&quot;https://t.co/kmUCgSQ7rz&quot;}],&quot;quoted_tweet&quot;:{&quot;full_text&quot;:&quot;Voltaire &#8211; the fake antidote to Rousseau\n\nHe is the most entertaining man of the eighteenth century and the most seductive trap in Western intellectual history. He seems like the cure for Rousseau. He is the other half of the disease.\n\n1. Where Rousseau is emotional, Voltaire is https://t.co/ObD72Gw96y&quot;,&quot;username&quot;:&quot;Kristof_Poland&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Krzysztof Szczawinski &#127477;&#127473;&quot;,&quot;profile_image_url&quot;:&quot;https://pbs.substack.com/profile_images/2075970604507807744/LegRtTIm_normal.jpg&quot;},&quot;reply_count&quot;:397,&quot;retweet_count&quot;:1857,&quot;like_count&quot;:5244,&quot;impression_count&quot;:1164181,&quot;expanded_url&quot;:null,&quot;video_url&quot;:null,&quot;video_preview_media_key&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false}" data-component-name="Twitter2ToDOM"></div><p><br></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item></channel></rss>